Yttrium 90-labeled ibritumomab tiuxetan radioimmunotherapy produces high response rates and durable remissions in patients with previously treated B-cell lymphoma

We report updated time-to-event variables of a phase III randomized study comparing yttrium 90-labeled ibritumomab with rituximab standard therapy in 143 rituximab-naive patients with relapsed or refractory low-grade, follicular, or transformed CD20⁺ non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Most patients (79%) had follicular lymphoma. Patients were randomized to receive a single intravenous (I.V. dose of ⁹⁰Y ibritumomab tiuxetan 0.4 mCi/kg (n = 73) or rituximab 375 mg/m² I.V. weekly for 4 doses (n = 70). The radioimmunotherapy group was pretreated with 2 rituximab doses (250 mg/m²) to improve biodistribution and one dose of Indium 111-labeled ibritumomab tiuxetan for imaging. The overall response rate was 80% versus 56% (P = 0.002) and complete response (CR)/CR unconfirmed (CRu) rates were 34% for ⁹⁰Y ibritumomab tiuxetan versus 20% for rituximab. With a median follow-up of 44 months, the data are mature as all ongoing patients in both groups exceeded the median Kaplan-Meier estimated time to progression (TTP), duration of response (DR), and time to next therapy. Although this study was not powered to detect differences in time-to-event variables, the results from this randomized trial demonstrate trends toward longer median TTP (15 vs. 10.2 months; P = 0.07), DR (16.7 vs. 11.2 months; P = 0.44) and time to next therapy (21.1 vs. 13.8 months; P = 0.27) in follicular NHL patients treated with ⁹⁰Y ibritumomab tiuxetan compared with the rituximab control arm. In patients achieving a CR/CRu, the median TTP was 24.7 months for patients treated with ⁹⁰Y ibritumomab tiuxetan compared with 13.2 months for rituximab-treated patients (P = 0.41), and ongoing responses of >5 years have been observed. These results confirm that ⁹⁰Y ibritumomab tiuxetan produces high response rates and durable remissions in patients with previously treated low-grade, follicular, and transformed NHL.