TY - JOUR
T1 - The determinants of respiratory rate during mechanical ventilation
AU - Tobert, Daren G.
AU - Simon, Peggy M.
AU - Stroetz, Randolph W.
AU - Hubmayr, Rolf D.
PY - 1997
Y1 - 1997
N2 - The independent and interactive effect of feedback related to volume, CO2, inspiratory flow, and arousal state on the regulation of respiratory rate in mechanically ventilated humans is not well characterized. We examined the rate response of eight normal volunteers during both quiet wakefulness and non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep, while mechanically ventilated through a nasal mask in an assist/control mode with a machine back-up rate of 2 breaths/min. Tidal volume (VT) was set slightly above spontaneous VT and then increased by 0.2 L every 3 min up to 1.8 L or 25 ml/kg. Either an inspiratory flow of 40 L/min or an inspiratory time of 2 s (iso-TI) was set, with CO2 added (FI(CO2) > 0) or FI(CO2) = 0. Measurements were made during both quiet wakefulness and NREM sleep. We found that as VT increased, the respiratory rate decreased; the rate decline was observed during wakefulness and sleep, and under isocapnic as well as hypocapnic conditions. Increasing inspiratory flow raised the respiratory rate during wakefulness and NREM sleep. During NREM sleep, hypocapnia resulted in wasted ventilator trigger efforts. In summary, both VT and inspiratory flow settings affect the respiratory rate, and depending on state, can affect CO2 homeostasis. Ventilator settings appropriate for wakefulness may cause ventilatory instability during sleep.
AB - The independent and interactive effect of feedback related to volume, CO2, inspiratory flow, and arousal state on the regulation of respiratory rate in mechanically ventilated humans is not well characterized. We examined the rate response of eight normal volunteers during both quiet wakefulness and non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep, while mechanically ventilated through a nasal mask in an assist/control mode with a machine back-up rate of 2 breaths/min. Tidal volume (VT) was set slightly above spontaneous VT and then increased by 0.2 L every 3 min up to 1.8 L or 25 ml/kg. Either an inspiratory flow of 40 L/min or an inspiratory time of 2 s (iso-TI) was set, with CO2 added (FI(CO2) > 0) or FI(CO2) = 0. Measurements were made during both quiet wakefulness and NREM sleep. We found that as VT increased, the respiratory rate decreased; the rate decline was observed during wakefulness and sleep, and under isocapnic as well as hypocapnic conditions. Increasing inspiratory flow raised the respiratory rate during wakefulness and NREM sleep. During NREM sleep, hypocapnia resulted in wasted ventilator trigger efforts. In summary, both VT and inspiratory flow settings affect the respiratory rate, and depending on state, can affect CO2 homeostasis. Ventilator settings appropriate for wakefulness may cause ventilatory instability during sleep.
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U2 - 10.1164/ajrccm.155.2.9032183
DO - 10.1164/ajrccm.155.2.9032183
M3 - Article
C2 - 9032183
AN - SCOPUS:0031044957
SN - 1073-449X
VL - 155
SP - 485
EP - 492
JO - American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
JF - American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
IS - 2
ER -