TY - JOUR
T1 - Temporal- and dose-dependent hepatic gene expression changes in immature ovariectomized mice following exposure to ethynyl estradiol
AU - Boverhof, D. R.
AU - Fertuck, K. C.
AU - Burgoon, L. D.
AU - Eckel, J. E.
AU - Gennings, C.
AU - Zacharewski, T. R.
N1 - Funding Information:
Assistance with animal handling from Dr Yan Sun and helpful comments regarding the manuscript from Dr Don Jump, Dr Kris Chan, Dr John Lapres, Dr Mark Fielden, Dr Jeremy Burt and Cora Fong. Apologies are also extended to those authors whose publications could not be referenced due to space considerations. This work was funded by NIEHS grant ES011271.
PY - 2004/7
Y1 - 2004/7
N2 - Temporal- and dose-dependent changes in hepatic gene expression were examined in immature ovariectomized C57BL/6 mice gavaged with ethynyl estradiol (EE), an orally active estrogen. For temporal analysis, mice were gavaged every 24 h for 3 days with 100 μg/kg EE or vehicle and liver samples were collected at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 72 h. Gene expression was monitored using custom cDNA microarrays containing 3067 genes/ESTs of which 393 exhibited a change at one or more time points. Functional gene annotation extracted from public databases associated temporal gene expression changes with growth and proliferation, cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix responses, microtubule-based processes, oxidative metabolism and stress, and lipid metabolism and transport. In the dose-response study, hepatic samples were collected 24 h following treatment with 0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 or 250 μg/kg EE. Thirty-nine of the 79 genes identified as differentially regulated at 24 h in the time course study exhibited a dose-response relationship with an average ED50 value of 47 ± 3.5 μg/kg. Comparative analysis indicated that many of the identified temporal and dose-dependent hepatic responses are similar to EE-induced uterine responses reported in the literature and in a companion study using the same animals. Results from these studies confirm that the liver is a highly estrogen responsive tissue that exhibits a number of common responses shared with the uterus as well as distinct estrogen-mediated profiles. These data will further aid in the elucidation of the mechanisms of action of estrogens in the liver as well as in other classical and non-classical estrogen responsive tissues.
AB - Temporal- and dose-dependent changes in hepatic gene expression were examined in immature ovariectomized C57BL/6 mice gavaged with ethynyl estradiol (EE), an orally active estrogen. For temporal analysis, mice were gavaged every 24 h for 3 days with 100 μg/kg EE or vehicle and liver samples were collected at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 72 h. Gene expression was monitored using custom cDNA microarrays containing 3067 genes/ESTs of which 393 exhibited a change at one or more time points. Functional gene annotation extracted from public databases associated temporal gene expression changes with growth and proliferation, cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix responses, microtubule-based processes, oxidative metabolism and stress, and lipid metabolism and transport. In the dose-response study, hepatic samples were collected 24 h following treatment with 0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 or 250 μg/kg EE. Thirty-nine of the 79 genes identified as differentially regulated at 24 h in the time course study exhibited a dose-response relationship with an average ED50 value of 47 ± 3.5 μg/kg. Comparative analysis indicated that many of the identified temporal and dose-dependent hepatic responses are similar to EE-induced uterine responses reported in the literature and in a companion study using the same animals. Results from these studies confirm that the liver is a highly estrogen responsive tissue that exhibits a number of common responses shared with the uterus as well as distinct estrogen-mediated profiles. These data will further aid in the elucidation of the mechanisms of action of estrogens in the liver as well as in other classical and non-classical estrogen responsive tissues.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=3242778662&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=3242778662&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/carcin/bgh114
DO - 10.1093/carcin/bgh114
M3 - Review article
C2 - 14976129
AN - SCOPUS:3242778662
SN - 0143-3334
VL - 25
SP - 1277
EP - 1291
JO - Carcinogenesis
JF - Carcinogenesis
IS - 7
ER -