TY - JOUR
T1 - Survival following biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy in patients with prostate cancer
T2 - The impact of competing causes of mortality and patient stratification
AU - Abdollah, Firas
AU - Boorjian, Stephen
AU - Cozzarini, Cesare
AU - Suardi, Nazareno
AU - Sun, Maxine
AU - Fiorino, Claudio
AU - Di Muzio, Nadia
AU - Karakiewicz, Pierre I.
AU - Montorsi, Francesco
AU - Karnes, R. Jeffrey
AU - Briganti, Alberto
PY - 2013/10
Y1 - 2013/10
N2 - Background Data regarding the natural history of biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) and adjuvant radiotherapy (aRT) are limited. Objective To evaluate cancer-specific (CSM) and other-cause mortality (OCM) in prostate cancer patients with BCR after RP and aRT. Design, setting, and participants We identified 336 patients with BCR treated between 1990 and 2006 at two tertiary care centers. Intervention All patients underwent RP plus aRT. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between clinicopathologic variables and CSM. The coefficients of CSM-independent predictors were used to develop a novel nomogram. Patients were stratified into groups according to nomogram-calculated CSM probability and median age. Competing-risks survival analyses were used to estimate CSM and OCM for each group. Results and limitations Ten-year CSM and OCM were 21.5 and 21.7%, respectively. On multivariable analyses, short time to BCR, pathologic Gleason score ≥8, and positive lymph node count of more than two at RP were significantly associated with increased CSM rate (all p ≤ 0.01). These variables were used to develop a novel nomogram, which was used to stratify patients according to their 10-yr, nomogram-calculated, CSM probability: ≤10% versus >10-30% versus >30%. On competing-risks analysis, 10-yr CSM rate for these groups was 6%, 15%, and 42%, respectively, for patients aged ≤68 yr, versus 8%, 19%, and 42% for patients aged >68 yr. Likewise, 10-yr OCM rate was 24%, 9%, and 10%, respectively, for patients aged ≤68 yr, versus 37%, 20%, and 28%, respectively, for patients aged >68 yr. The study is limited by its retrospective design. Conclusions Short time to BCR, pathologic Gleason score ≥8, and more than two positive lymph nodes were independent predictors of CSM in patients with BCR after RP and aRT. Men with these features may benefit from additional secondary therapies, ideally, in a clinical trial setting.
AB - Background Data regarding the natural history of biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) and adjuvant radiotherapy (aRT) are limited. Objective To evaluate cancer-specific (CSM) and other-cause mortality (OCM) in prostate cancer patients with BCR after RP and aRT. Design, setting, and participants We identified 336 patients with BCR treated between 1990 and 2006 at two tertiary care centers. Intervention All patients underwent RP plus aRT. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between clinicopathologic variables and CSM. The coefficients of CSM-independent predictors were used to develop a novel nomogram. Patients were stratified into groups according to nomogram-calculated CSM probability and median age. Competing-risks survival analyses were used to estimate CSM and OCM for each group. Results and limitations Ten-year CSM and OCM were 21.5 and 21.7%, respectively. On multivariable analyses, short time to BCR, pathologic Gleason score ≥8, and positive lymph node count of more than two at RP were significantly associated with increased CSM rate (all p ≤ 0.01). These variables were used to develop a novel nomogram, which was used to stratify patients according to their 10-yr, nomogram-calculated, CSM probability: ≤10% versus >10-30% versus >30%. On competing-risks analysis, 10-yr CSM rate for these groups was 6%, 15%, and 42%, respectively, for patients aged ≤68 yr, versus 8%, 19%, and 42% for patients aged >68 yr. Likewise, 10-yr OCM rate was 24%, 9%, and 10%, respectively, for patients aged ≤68 yr, versus 37%, 20%, and 28%, respectively, for patients aged >68 yr. The study is limited by its retrospective design. Conclusions Short time to BCR, pathologic Gleason score ≥8, and more than two positive lymph nodes were independent predictors of CSM in patients with BCR after RP and aRT. Men with these features may benefit from additional secondary therapies, ideally, in a clinical trial setting.
KW - Adjuvant
KW - Neoplasm recurrence
KW - Prostatic neoplasms/mortality
KW - Prostatic neoplasms/pathology
KW - Prostatic neoplasms/surgery
KW - Radiotherapy
KW - Risk factors
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84883772686&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84883772686&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.03.006
DO - 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.03.006
M3 - Article
C2 - 23506833
AN - SCOPUS:84883772686
SN - 0302-2838
VL - 64
SP - 557
EP - 564
JO - European urology
JF - European urology
IS - 4
ER -