@article{e157dd4582d443cd9de35637f9af7741,
title = "Sex differences in older adults{\textquoteright} immune responses to seasonal influenza vaccination",
abstract = "Background: Sex differences in immune responses to influenza vaccine may impact efficacy across populations. Methods: In a cohort of 138 older adults (50–74 years old), we measured influenza A/H1N1 antibody titers, B-cell ELISPOT response, PBMC transcriptomics, and PBMC cell compositions at 0, 3, and 28 days post-immunization with the 2010/11 seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine. Results: We identified higher B-cell ELISPOT responses in females than males. Potential mechanisms for sex effects were identified in four gene clusters related to T, NK, and B cells. Mediation analysis indicated that sex-dependent expression in T and NK cell genes can be partially attributed to higher CD4+ T cell and lower NK cell fractions in females. We identified strong sex effects in 135 B cell genes whose expression correlates with ELISPOT measures, and found that cell subset differences did not explain the effect of sex on these genes{\textquoteright} expression. Post-vaccination expression of these genes, however, mediated 41% of the sex effect on ELISPOT responses. Conclusions: These results improve our understanding of sexual dimorphism in immunity and influenza vaccine response.",
keywords = "Elderly, Immunity, Influenza, Influenza vaccine, Sex differences, Sexual dimorphism, Systems biology, Vaccinomics",
author = "Voigt, {Emily A.} and Ovsyannikova, {Inna G.} and Kennedy, {Richard B.} and Grill, {Diane E.} and Goergen, {Krista M.} and Schaid, {Daniel J.} and Poland, {Gregory A.}",
note = "Funding Information: We wish to thank Caroline L. Vitse for her editorial assistance with this manuscript. Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U01AI089859. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. This research was also supported in part by funding from the Mayo Clinic Women{\textquoteright}s Health Research Center through their Early Career Investigator Award to EV. Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2019 Voigt, Ovsyannikova, Kennedy, Grill, Goergen, Schaid and Poland. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.",
year = "2019",
doi = "10.3389/fimmu.2019.00180",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "10",
journal = "Frontiers in Immunology",
issn = "1664-3224",
publisher = "Frontiers Media S. A.",
}