Role of Natural Killer and I -Cells in Interferon Induced Inhibition of Spontaneous Metastases of the B16F10L Murine Melanoma

We have previously demonstrated that Interferon (UN) treatment of mice bearing the spontaneously metastasizing B16F10L murine melanoma on days -5 to â€″¿pr1ior to surgical removal (day 0) of the primary tumor resulted in survival of >50% of treated mice. The antitumor effect was correlated with an early increase of natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity followed by a later developing specific cytolytic T-cell response. The purpose of this study was to establish definitively the roles of NK, CD4, and CDS cells as mediators of the antitumor/antimetastatic effects of IFN. Mice were depleted of NK, CD4, and/or CDS cells during the period of IFN treatment by administration of anti-asialo-CMi, unti-1314, and/ or anti-Lyt-2 antisera. Depletion of NK cells, alone or in combination with T-cells, eliminated the protective effect of IFN treatment. Depletion of both CD4 and CDS cells, however, did not significantly alter the therapeutic effect of IFN therapy. Collectively, these data conclusively demonstrated the importance of NK cells as mediators of the IFN induced antitumor state. However, in mice depleted of ('1)4 cells alone, the protective effect of IFN was eliminated, in spite of the presence of intact NK cells. In vitro analysis of NK cytotoxicity on day 1 after surgery demonstrated (a) a lack of IFN induced stimulation of NK activity in CD4 depleted mice and (b) a significant increase in both baseline and IFN induced NK cytotoxicity in CDS depleted mice. These data suggested a CDS cell mediated inhibition of NK activity/stimulation in CD4 depleted mice, possibly responsible for the lack of response to IFN therapy in that group. These results demonstrate the importance of not only individual com ponents of the immune system but also the interaction of these components in both the natural and IFN induced control of spontaneous B16F10L mã