TY - JOUR
T1 - Premotor symptoms and early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease
AU - Adler, Charles H.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was funded by the Arizona Biomedical Research Commission (contracts 4001, 05–901, 0011, and 1001), the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research (Prescott Family Initiative), and the Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Address correspondence to Dr. Charles H. Adler, Ph.D., M.D., Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 13400 E. Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA. E-mail: cadler@mayo.edu
Copyright:
Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2011/11/30
Y1 - 2011/11/30
N2 - Parkinson's disease is a disorder characterized by the motor findings of bradykinesia, rest tremor, cogwheel rigidity, and postural instability. As the disease progresses, most patients develop numerous nonmotor signs and symptoms, many of which play a major role in reducing quality of life. What is becoming increasingly clear is that nonmotor findings, including hyposmia, sleep disorders, autonomic abnormalities, cognitive changes, and neurobehavioral changes, often precede the motor findings.
AB - Parkinson's disease is a disorder characterized by the motor findings of bradykinesia, rest tremor, cogwheel rigidity, and postural instability. As the disease progresses, most patients develop numerous nonmotor signs and symptoms, many of which play a major role in reducing quality of life. What is becoming increasingly clear is that nonmotor findings, including hyposmia, sleep disorders, autonomic abnormalities, cognitive changes, and neurobehavioral changes, often precede the motor findings.
KW - Autonomic disorders
KW - Cognitive impairment
KW - Depression
KW - Olfaction
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U2 - 10.3109/00207454.2011.620192
DO - 10.3109/00207454.2011.620192
M3 - Article
C2 - 22035024
AN - SCOPUS:80155195718
SN - 0020-7454
VL - 121
SP - 3
EP - 8
JO - International Journal of Neuroscience
JF - International Journal of Neuroscience
IS - SUPPL. 2
ER -