@article{8f3756f62da640c5b60e5ddfd1eee7f7,
title = "Optimizing Radiation Therapy to Boost Systemic Immune Responses in Breast Cancer: A Critical Review for Breast Radiation Oncologists",
abstract = "Immunotherapy using immune checkpoint blockade has revolutionized the treatment of many types of cancer. Radiation therapy (RT)—particularly when delivered at high doses using newer techniques—may be capable of generating systemic antitumor effects when combined with immunotherapy in breast cancer. These systemic effects might be due to the local immune-priming effects of RT resulting in the expansion and circulation of effector immune cells to distant sites. Although this concept merits further exploration, several challenges need to be overcome. One is an understanding of how the heterogeneity of breast cancers may relate to tumor immunogenicity. Another concerns the need to develop knowledge and expertise in delivery, sequencing, and timing of RT with immunotherapy. Clinical trials addressing these issues are under way. We here review and discuss the particular opportunities and issues regarding this topic, including the design of informative clinical and translational studies.",
author = "Ho, {Alice Y.} and Wright, {Jean L.} and Blitzblau, {Rachel C.} and Mutter, {Robert W.} and Duda, {Dan G.} and Larry Norton and Aditya Bardia and Laura Spring and Isakoff, {Steven J.} and Chen, {Jonathan H.} and Clemens Grassberger and Bellon, {Jennifer R.} and Sushil Beriwal and Khan, {Atif J.} and Corey Speers and Dunn, {Samantha A.} and Alastair Thompson and Santa-Maria, {Cesar A.} and Krop, {Ian E.} and Elizabeth Mittendorf and King, {Tari A.} and Gupta, {Gaorav P.}",
note = "Funding Information: We would like to thank all of our colleagues and patient advocates in the Translational Breast Cancer Research Consortium for their support and careful query of the concepts presented in this article. Disclosures: A.Y.H. reports grants from Merck & Co, GSK Inc, and the Breast Cancer Research Foundation and personal fees from Amgen, outside the submitted work. C.A.S.-M. reports grants from Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Tesaro, and Novartis and other from BMS, Halozyme, Polyphor, Athenex, and Genomic Health, outside the submitted work. A.B. reports grants from Genentech, Novartis, Pfizer, Merck, Sanofi, Radius Health, Immunomedics, and Biothernostics Inc and personal fees from Biothernostics Inc, Pfizer, Novartis, Genentech, Merck, Radius Health, Immunomedics, Taiho, Sanofi, Diiachi Pharma/AstraZeneca, Puma, Phillips, Eli Lilly, and Foundation Medicine, outside the submitted work. A.T. reports other from Pfizer, outside the submitted work. L.S. reports other from Novartis, Puma, and Lumicell and grants and personal fees from Merck and Tesaro, outside the submitted work. C.S. reports nonfinancial support and other from PFS Genomics, outside the submitted work. E.M. reports grants from AstraZeneca, EMD Serono, Genentech, and GSK and personal fees from Merck, Genomic Health, and SELLAS Lifesciences, outside the submitted work. T.A.K. reports personal fees from Genomic Health, outside the submitted work. S.J.I. reports other from Immunomedics, Mylan, Myriad, Puma, Oncopep, Abbvie, and NCCN and grants from AstraZeneca, Oncopep, Abbvie Genentech, Merck, and Pharmamar, outside the submitted work. D.G.D. reports grants from Exelixis, Bayer, and BMS and personal fees from Simcere, Bayer, and BMS, outside the submitted work. J.H.C. reports nonfinancial support and other from Nanostring Technologies, outside the submitted work. S.B. reports other from Varian and Via Oncology, outside the submitted work. I.E.K. reports grants and other from Genentech/Roche, Pfizer, and Daiichi-Sankyo and other from Macrogenics, Context Therapeutics, Taiho Oncology, Merck, Novartis, and Bristol-Myers Squibb, outside the submitted work. No other disclosures are reported. Funding Information: Disclosures: A.Y.H. reports grants from Merck & Co, GSK Inc, and the Breast Cancer Research Foundation and personal fees from Amgen, outside the submitted work. C.A.S.-M. reports grants from Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Tesaro, and Novartis and other from BMS, Halozyme, Polyphor, Athenex, and Genomic Health, outside the submitted work. A.B. reports grants from Genentech, Novartis, Pfizer, Merck, Sanofi, Radius Health, Immunomedics, and Biothernostics Inc and personal fees from Biothernostics Inc, Pfizer, Novartis, Genentech, Merck, Radius Health, Immunomedics, Taiho, Sanofi, Diiachi Pharma/AstraZeneca, Puma, Phillips, Eli Lilly, and Foundation Medicine, outside the submitted work. A.T. reports other from Pfizer, outside the submitted work. L.S. reports other from Novartis, Puma, and Lumicell and grants and personal fees from Merck and Tesaro, outside the submitted work. C.S. reports nonfinancial support and other from PFS Genomics, outside the submitted work. E.M. reports grants from AstraZeneca, EMD Serono, Genentech, and GSK and personal fees from Merck, Genomic Health, and SELLAS Lifesciences, outside the submitted work. T.A.K. reports personal fees from Genomic Health, outside the submitted work. S.J.I. reports other from Immunomedics, Mylan, Myriad, Puma, Oncopep, Abbvie, and NCCN and grants from AstraZeneca, Oncopep, Abbvie Genentech, Merck, and Pharmamar, outside the submitted work. D.G.D. reports grants from Exelixis, Bayer, and BMS and personal fees from Simcere, Bayer, and BMS, outside the submitted work. J.H.C. reports nonfinancial support and other from Nanostring Technologies, outside the submitted work. S.B. reports other from Varian and Via Oncology, outside the submitted work. I.E.K. reports grants and other from Genentech/Roche, Pfizer, and Daiichi-Sankyo and other from Macrogenics, Context Therapeutics, Taiho Oncology, Merck, Novartis, and Bristol-Myers Squibb, outside the submitted work. No other disclosures are reported. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020",
year = "2020",
month = sep,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.05.011",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "108",
pages = "227--241",
journal = "International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics",
issn = "0360-3016",
publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",
number = "1",
}