TY - JOUR
T1 - Natural history of benign prostatic enlargement
T2 - Long-term longitudinal population-based study of prostate volume doubling times
AU - Lieber, Michael M.
AU - Rhodes, Thomas
AU - Jacobson, Debra J.
AU - McGree, Michaela E.
AU - Girman, Cynthia J.
AU - Jacobsen, Steven J.
AU - St. Sauver, Jennifer L.
N1 - Funding Information:
Supported by a grant from The National Association for Colitis and Crohn's Disease and by The Special Trustees of The Central Sheffield Hospitals.
PY - 2010/1
Y1 - 2010/1
N2 - OBJECTIVES To measure prostate volume doubling times (PVDTs) for a large sample of community men followed serially by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), and to determine whether specific characteristics are associated with a rapid PVDT. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A subsample of 446 subjects from a larger cohort of American white men aged 40-79 years were evaluated biennially for a median (range) follow-up of 10 (3-14) years. Mixed-effects regression models were used to estimate prostate growth rates and PVDT for subjects with three or more or with five or more serial biennial TRUS PV measurements. Results The median (25-75th percentile) PVDT was 32.6 (24.6-44.0) years. The average annual increase in PV was 2.2%. The PVDT distribution was constant in men of all age groups studied (r < 0.001, P = 0.99). The factor most strongly associated with PVDT was baseline transition zone volume (r = -0.55, P < 0.001). Baseline total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, free PSA and total PV were also significantly inversely associated with PVDT (r = -0.30, -0.44 and -0.32, respectively, all P < 0.001). Age, baseline anthropomorphic measurements, hormone levels and specific lifestyle characteristics were not significantly correlated with PVDT. Conclusion These data indicate that PVDT might be a useful future measure of benign prostatic growth. They provide a basis to forecast PV at 10, 20, or 30 years later, after one baseline TRUS measurement of prostate volume, and can be presented in a simple nomogram.
AB - OBJECTIVES To measure prostate volume doubling times (PVDTs) for a large sample of community men followed serially by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), and to determine whether specific characteristics are associated with a rapid PVDT. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A subsample of 446 subjects from a larger cohort of American white men aged 40-79 years were evaluated biennially for a median (range) follow-up of 10 (3-14) years. Mixed-effects regression models were used to estimate prostate growth rates and PVDT for subjects with three or more or with five or more serial biennial TRUS PV measurements. Results The median (25-75th percentile) PVDT was 32.6 (24.6-44.0) years. The average annual increase in PV was 2.2%. The PVDT distribution was constant in men of all age groups studied (r < 0.001, P = 0.99). The factor most strongly associated with PVDT was baseline transition zone volume (r = -0.55, P < 0.001). Baseline total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, free PSA and total PV were also significantly inversely associated with PVDT (r = -0.30, -0.44 and -0.32, respectively, all P < 0.001). Age, baseline anthropomorphic measurements, hormone levels and specific lifestyle characteristics were not significantly correlated with PVDT. Conclusion These data indicate that PVDT might be a useful future measure of benign prostatic growth. They provide a basis to forecast PV at 10, 20, or 30 years later, after one baseline TRUS measurement of prostate volume, and can be presented in a simple nomogram.
KW - Benign prostate enlargement
KW - Prostate growth rates
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U2 - 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2009.08719.x
DO - 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2009.08719.x
M3 - Article
C2 - 19594737
AN - SCOPUS:74049123140
SN - 1464-4096
VL - 105
SP - 214
EP - 219
JO - BJU international
JF - BJU international
IS - 2
ER -