TY - JOUR
T1 - Low-Gradient Severe Mitral Stenosis
T2 - Hemodynamic Profiles, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes
AU - El Sabbagh, Abdallah
AU - Reddy, Yogesh N.V.
AU - Barros-Gomes, Sergio
AU - Borlaug, Barry A.
AU - Miranda, William R.
AU - Pislaru, Sorin V.
AU - Nishimura, Rick A.
AU - Pellikka, Patricia A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.
PY - 2019/3/5
Y1 - 2019/3/5
N2 - Background: Optimal management of patients with severe mitral stenosis (MS) and low transmitral gradient is incompletely understood. Methods and Results: We examined 101 consecutive patients with severe rheumatic MS (mitral valve area ≤1.5 cm2) who underwent balloon valvuloplasty. Low gradient was defined as mean transmitral gradient <10 mm Hg and low flow as stroke volume index ≤35 mL/m2 by echocardiography. Symptoms and mortality data were collected. Systolic, diastolic, and arterial function were characterized by measuring left ventricular (LV) end-systolic elastance, LV stiffness constant (β), diastolic capacitance (predicted LV end-diastolic volume at a common LV filling pressure of 30 mm Hg), and effective arterial elastance. Low gradient (<10 mm Hg) was present in 55 patients, including low flow/low gradient in 11 and normal flow/low gradient in 44 patients, and high gradient was present in 46 patients. Participants with low-flow/low-gradient (LG) MS were older with higher rates of atrial fibrillation (64%) and subvalvular thickening, higher afterload, and decreased LV compliance with lower ejection fraction (57±10% versus 65±4% versus 63±6%, P=0.002) but similar end-systolic elastance compared with patients with normal-flow/LG and high-gradient MS. The normal-flow/LG group had larger mitral valve area and lower left atrial pressure by catheterization, as well as favorable long-term outcomes compared with the low-flow/LG and high-gradient MS group. A total of 40% of patients with LG MS had no symptomatic benefit from valvuloplasty compared with 18% of patients with high-gradient MS (P=0.02). Conclusions: Presence of low gradient in patients with severe MS was associated with lesser symptomatic benefit from valvuloplasty. In the subset with low stroke volume index, this may be related to independent ventricular-vascular uncoupling, decreased LV compliance, and high prevalence of atrial fibrillation in addition to intrinsic MS.
AB - Background: Optimal management of patients with severe mitral stenosis (MS) and low transmitral gradient is incompletely understood. Methods and Results: We examined 101 consecutive patients with severe rheumatic MS (mitral valve area ≤1.5 cm2) who underwent balloon valvuloplasty. Low gradient was defined as mean transmitral gradient <10 mm Hg and low flow as stroke volume index ≤35 mL/m2 by echocardiography. Symptoms and mortality data were collected. Systolic, diastolic, and arterial function were characterized by measuring left ventricular (LV) end-systolic elastance, LV stiffness constant (β), diastolic capacitance (predicted LV end-diastolic volume at a common LV filling pressure of 30 mm Hg), and effective arterial elastance. Low gradient (<10 mm Hg) was present in 55 patients, including low flow/low gradient in 11 and normal flow/low gradient in 44 patients, and high gradient was present in 46 patients. Participants with low-flow/low-gradient (LG) MS were older with higher rates of atrial fibrillation (64%) and subvalvular thickening, higher afterload, and decreased LV compliance with lower ejection fraction (57±10% versus 65±4% versus 63±6%, P=0.002) but similar end-systolic elastance compared with patients with normal-flow/LG and high-gradient MS. The normal-flow/LG group had larger mitral valve area and lower left atrial pressure by catheterization, as well as favorable long-term outcomes compared with the low-flow/LG and high-gradient MS group. A total of 40% of patients with LG MS had no symptomatic benefit from valvuloplasty compared with 18% of patients with high-gradient MS (P=0.02). Conclusions: Presence of low gradient in patients with severe MS was associated with lesser symptomatic benefit from valvuloplasty. In the subset with low stroke volume index, this may be related to independent ventricular-vascular uncoupling, decreased LV compliance, and high prevalence of atrial fibrillation in addition to intrinsic MS.
KW - echocardiography
KW - heart valves
KW - mitral stenosis
KW - mitral valve
KW - valvuloplasty
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U2 - 10.1161/JAHA.118.010736
DO - 10.1161/JAHA.118.010736
M3 - Article
C2 - 30793648
AN - SCOPUS:85061982234
SN - 2047-9980
VL - 8
JO - Journal of the American Heart Association
JF - Journal of the American Heart Association
IS - 5
M1 - e010736
ER -