Loss of CD20 expression following treatment with rituximab (chimaeric monoclonal anti-CD20): A retrospective cohort analysis

A retrospective analysis of CD20 expression following rituximab for B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma demonstrated a significant change in immunophenotype in 6/25 (24%) patients with persistent bone marrow (BM) infiltration. In three out of six patients, the B cells were uniformly CD20⁻/CD79α⁺, consistent with frank loss of CD20 expression. In the remaining three cases, the BM infiltrate was predominantly (>80%) CD20⁻/CD79α⁺. Two of the former but none of the latter three cases achieved a clinical response. In three further cases, the post-treatment BM infiltrate was composed entirely of benign or reactive CD3⁺ T cells. Frank loss of CD20 was not seen in 25 post-treatment lymph node biopsies. Immunophenotyping is therefore an important adjunct in the diagnosis of BM infiltration following rituximab.