@article{96c72253103d48b5bb779d290583d405,
title = "Improving Accuracy of Noninvasive Hemoglobin Monitors: A Functional Regression Model for Streaming SpHb Data",
abstract = "Objective: The purpose of this paper is to develop a method for improving the accuracy of SpHb monitors, which are noninvasive hemoglobin monitoring tools, leading to better critical care protocols in trauma care. Methods: The proposed method is based on fitting smooth spline functions to SpHb measurements collected over a time window and then using a functional regression model to predict the true HgB value for the end of the time window. Results: The accuracy of the proposed method is compared to traditional methods. The mean absolute error between the raw SpHb measurements and the gold standard hemoglobin measurements was 1.26 g/Dl. The proposed method reduced the mean absolute error to 1.08 g/Dl. [1] Conclusion: Fitting a smooth function to SpHb measurements improves the accuracy of Hgb predictions. Significance: Accurate prediction of current and future HgB levels can lead to sophisticated decision models that determine the optimal timing and amount of blood product transfusions.",
keywords = "Functional regression, improving accuracy, noninvasive hemoglobin monitors",
author = "Devashish Das and Pasupathy, {Kalyan S.} and Haddad, {Nadeem N.} and Hallbeck, {M. Susan} and Zielinski, {Martin D.} and Sir, {Mustafa Y.}",
note = "Funding Information: Manuscript received July 18, 2017; revised March 23, 2018 and June 19, 2018; accepted June 30, 2018. Date of publication July 13, 2018; date of current version February 18, 2019. This work is funded in part by the Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery. (Martin D. Zielinski and Mustafa Y. Sir contributed equally to this work.) (Corresponding author: Mustafa Y. Sir.) D. Das is with the Department of Industrial & Management Systems Engineering at the University of South Florida. K. S. Pasupathy and M. S. Hallbeck are with the Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic. N. N. Haddad is with the Department of Surgery, University Texas at San Antonio. M. D. Zielinski is with the Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic. M. Y. Sir is with the Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA (e-mail:,sir.mustafa@mayo.edu). Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TBME.2018.2856091 Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 1964-2012 IEEE. Copyright: Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "2019",
month = mar,
doi = "10.1109/TBME.2018.2856091",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "66",
pages = "759--767",
journal = "IRE transactions on medical electronics",
issn = "0018-9294",
publisher = "IEEE Computer Society",
number = "3",
}