Immediate and one-year outcome of intracoronary stent implantation in small coronary arteries with 2.5-mm stents

Background: The role of coronary stenting in the treatment of stenoses in small coronary arteries with use of 2.5-mm stents is not well defined. Methods and Results: Between January 1995 and August 1999, 651 patients with stenoses in small coronary arteries were treated with 2.5-mm stents (n = 108) or 2.5-mm conventional balloon angioplasty (BA) (n = 543). Patients who received treatment with both 2.5-mm and ≥3.0-mm stent placement or balloons were excluded. Procedural success and complication rates as well as 1-year follow-up outcomes were examined. Baseline clinical characteristics were similar between the two groups, except patients in the stent group were more likely to have hypertension and a family history of coronary artery disease and less likely to have prior myocardial infarction. Angiographic success rates were higher in the stent group (97.2% vs 90.2%, P = .02). In-hospital complication rates were comparable between the two groups. Among successfully treated patients, 1-year follow-up revealed no significant differences in the survival (96.2% vs 95.2%, P = .89) or the frequency of Q-wave myocardial infarction (0% vs 0.4%, P = .60) or coronary artery bypass grafting (8.4% vs 6.8%, P = .89) between the stent and BA groups, respectively. However, patients in the stent group were more likely to have adverse cardiac events (35.4% vs 22.1%, P = .05). Stent use after excluding GR II stent use, however, was not independently associated with reduced cardiac events at follow-up (relative risk 1.3 [95% confidence interval 0.8-2.3], P = .30). Conclusions: Intracoronary stent implantation of stenoses in small coronary arteries with 2.5-mm stents can be carried out with high success and acceptable complication rates. However, compared with BA alone, stent use was not associated with improved outcome through 1 year of follow-up.