Imaging of multiple sclerosis and related acquired demyelinating disorders in childhood

Acquired central nervous system demyelinating disease is increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to neurologic morbidity in the pediatric population. Recent consensus definitions of the spectrum of acquired demyelinating disorders as well as important discoveries in immunology and imaging have produced an improved understanding of these conditions. Neuroimaging plays a central role in the accurate diagnosis, follow-up, and research efforts in this patient population. A review of the imaging spectrum of acquired demyelinating disease in children is provided, based upon current consensus definitions, along with imaging recommendations, differential diagnostic considerations, and a brief summary of clinical presentations and treatment options.