TY - JOUR
T1 - Epigenetics of alcohol-related liver diseases
AU - Habash, Nawras W.
AU - Sehrawat, Tejasav S.
AU - Shah, Vijay H.
AU - Cao, Sheng
N1 - Funding Information:
This work is supported by funding provided by the National Institutes of Health (USA NIH): R01 AA21171 and R01 DK59615 (V.H.S.)
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Mayo Foundation https://www.mayo.clinic.org/copyright/
PY - 2022/5
Y1 - 2022/5
N2 - Alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD) is a primary cause of chronic liver disease in the United States. Despite advances in the diagnosis and management of ARLD, it remains a major public health problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality, emphasising the need to adopt novel approaches to the study of ARLD and its complications. Epigenetic changes are increasingly being recognised as contributing to the pathogenesis of multiple disease states. Harnessing the power of innovative technologies for the study of epigenetics (e.g., next-generation sequencing, DNA methylation assays, histone modification profiling and computational techniques like machine learning) has resulted in a seismic shift in our understanding of the pathophysiology of ARLD. Knowledge of these techniques and advances is of paramount importance for the practicing hepatologist and researchers alike. Accordingly, in this review article we will summarise the current knowledge about alcohol-induced epigenetic alterations in the context of ARLD, including but not limited to, DNA hyper/hypo methylation, histone modifications, changes in non-coding RNA, 3D chromatin architecture and enhancer-promoter interactions. Additionally, we will discuss the state-of-the-art techniques used in the study of ARLD (e.g. single-cell sequencing). We will also highlight the epigenetic regulation of chemokines and their proinflammatory role in the context of ARLD. Lastly, we will examine the clinical applications of epigenetics in the diagnosis and management of ARLD.
AB - Alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD) is a primary cause of chronic liver disease in the United States. Despite advances in the diagnosis and management of ARLD, it remains a major public health problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality, emphasising the need to adopt novel approaches to the study of ARLD and its complications. Epigenetic changes are increasingly being recognised as contributing to the pathogenesis of multiple disease states. Harnessing the power of innovative technologies for the study of epigenetics (e.g., next-generation sequencing, DNA methylation assays, histone modification profiling and computational techniques like machine learning) has resulted in a seismic shift in our understanding of the pathophysiology of ARLD. Knowledge of these techniques and advances is of paramount importance for the practicing hepatologist and researchers alike. Accordingly, in this review article we will summarise the current knowledge about alcohol-induced epigenetic alterations in the context of ARLD, including but not limited to, DNA hyper/hypo methylation, histone modifications, changes in non-coding RNA, 3D chromatin architecture and enhancer-promoter interactions. Additionally, we will discuss the state-of-the-art techniques used in the study of ARLD (e.g. single-cell sequencing). We will also highlight the epigenetic regulation of chemokines and their proinflammatory role in the context of ARLD. Lastly, we will examine the clinical applications of epigenetics in the diagnosis and management of ARLD.
KW - Acetylation
KW - Alcohol liver disease
KW - Chromatin architecture
KW - Computational biology
KW - DNA methylation
KW - Epidrugs
KW - Epigenetics
KW - Histones
KW - Single cell epigenome
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100466
DO - 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100466
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85127847895
VL - 4
JO - JHEP Reports
JF - JHEP Reports
SN - 2589-5559
IS - 5
M1 - 100466
ER -