TY - JOUR
T1 - Epigenetic regulation of hepatitis B virus infection
AU - Mogul, Douglas
AU - Torbenson, Michael
AU - Schwarz, Kathleen B.
N1 - Funding Information:
Disclosure Kathleen B. Schwarz has acted as a consultant for Novartis, and has received grant payment from Bristol Myers Squibb; Michael Torbenson received grant funding from the National Institutes of Health; Douglas Mogul reported no potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article.
Funding Information:
Acknowledgements The authors wish to acknowledge Nayomi Kevitiyagala for her artistic rendering of the HBV genome in Fig. 1. We also wish to acknowledge Oxford University Press, who originally published Fig. 2 in their Journal of Infectious disease, ref 11. This work was supported in part by NIH grant R01DK078686.
PY - 2011/12
Y1 - 2011/12
N2 - Epigenetics is the study of changes in phenotype or gene expression that take place outside of the DNA sequence. Examples of epigenetic phenomena include the methylation of DNA, acetylation of histones involved in DNA packaging, and the production of microRNAs. Collectively, these processes can alter gene transcription and translation, post-translational modifications, and insertional mutagenesis in order to modify health and disease. In recent years, tremendous in vivo and in vitro evidence has accumulated that replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV), the production of RNA intermediates, as well as antigen expression can be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Furthermore, an understanding of the epigenetic regulation of HBV has already been applied toward new approaches in vivo and in small animal models for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). These approaches are important steps toward translating this knowledge into improved therapies for humans suffering from this infection, which is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality globally.
AB - Epigenetics is the study of changes in phenotype or gene expression that take place outside of the DNA sequence. Examples of epigenetic phenomena include the methylation of DNA, acetylation of histones involved in DNA packaging, and the production of microRNAs. Collectively, these processes can alter gene transcription and translation, post-translational modifications, and insertional mutagenesis in order to modify health and disease. In recent years, tremendous in vivo and in vitro evidence has accumulated that replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV), the production of RNA intermediates, as well as antigen expression can be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Furthermore, an understanding of the epigenetic regulation of HBV has already been applied toward new approaches in vivo and in small animal models for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). These approaches are important steps toward translating this knowledge into improved therapies for humans suffering from this infection, which is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality globally.
KW - CpG islands
KW - Epigenetic
KW - Hepatitis B virus
KW - Histone acetylation
KW - Methylation
KW - MicroRNA (miRNA)
KW - Small hairpin RNA (shRNA)
KW - Small interfering RNA (siRNA)
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U2 - 10.1007/s11901-011-0113-3
DO - 10.1007/s11901-011-0113-3
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:81355148898
SN - 1540-3416
VL - 10
SP - 277
EP - 284
JO - Current Hepatitis Reports
JF - Current Hepatitis Reports
IS - 4
ER -