TY - JOUR
T1 - Emerging role of extracellular vesicles in liver diseases
AU - Malhi, Harmeet
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants DK-111378 and AA-021788 and the Mayo Foundation.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2019 the American Physiological Society.
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - Malhi H. Emerging role of extracellular vesicles in liver diseases. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 317: G739 –G749, 2019. First published September 23, 2019; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00183.2019.—Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-defined nanoparticles released by most cell types. The EVs released by cells may differ quantitatively and qualitatively from physiological states to disease states. There are several unique properties of EVs, including their proteins, lipids and nucleic acid cargoes, stability in circulation, and presence in biofluids, which make them a critical vector for cell-to-cell communication and impart utility as a biomarker. EVs may also serve as a vehicle for selective cargo secretion. Similarly, EV cargo may be selectively manipulated for targeted therapeutic delivery. In this review an overview is provided on the EV classification, biogenesis, and secretion pathways, which are conserved across cell types. Next, cargo characterization and effector cell responses are discussed in the context of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, and acetaminophen-induced liver injury. The review also discusses the potential biomarker and therapeutic uses of circulating EVs.
AB - Malhi H. Emerging role of extracellular vesicles in liver diseases. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 317: G739 –G749, 2019. First published September 23, 2019; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00183.2019.—Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-defined nanoparticles released by most cell types. The EVs released by cells may differ quantitatively and qualitatively from physiological states to disease states. There are several unique properties of EVs, including their proteins, lipids and nucleic acid cargoes, stability in circulation, and presence in biofluids, which make them a critical vector for cell-to-cell communication and impart utility as a biomarker. EVs may also serve as a vehicle for selective cargo secretion. Similarly, EV cargo may be selectively manipulated for targeted therapeutic delivery. In this review an overview is provided on the EV classification, biogenesis, and secretion pathways, which are conserved across cell types. Next, cargo characterization and effector cell responses are discussed in the context of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, and acetaminophen-induced liver injury. The review also discusses the potential biomarker and therapeutic uses of circulating EVs.
KW - Alcoholic hepatitis
KW - Exosome
KW - Microvesicle
KW - Nanoparticle
KW - Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
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U2 - 10.1152/ajpgi.00183.2019
DO - 10.1152/ajpgi.00183.2019
M3 - Review article
C2 - 31545919
AN - SCOPUS:85074673578
SN - 1931-857X
VL - 317
SP - G739-G749
JO - American Journal of Physiology - Renal Fluid and Electrolyte Physiology
JF - American Journal of Physiology - Renal Fluid and Electrolyte Physiology
IS - 5
ER -