TY - JOUR
T1 - Depression and five year survival following acute myocardial infarction
T2 - A prospective study
AU - Carney, Robert M.
AU - Freedland, Kenneth E.
AU - Steinmeyer, Brian
AU - Blumenthal, James A.
AU - Berkman, Lisa F.
AU - Watkins, Lana L.
AU - Czajkowski, Susan M.
AU - Burg, Matthew M.
AU - Jaffe, Allan S.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported in part by Grant No. 2 RO-1HL58946 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, and by the Lewis and Jean Sachs Charitable Lead Trust. Neither had a role in the study design, collection, analysis, or interpretation of the data, in writing of the report, and in the decision to submit the paper for publication.
PY - 2008/7
Y1 - 2008/7
N2 - Depression has been shown to be a risk factor for mortality during the 12 months following an acute myocardial infarction (MI), but few studies have examined whether it is associated with increased risk over longer periods. Most of the existing studies utilized depression questionnaires rather than diagnostic interviews, the gold standard for clinical depression diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether interview-diagnosed clinical depression affects survival for at least 5 years after an acute MI. Vital status was determined for 163 patients with major depression, 195 with minor depression or dysthymia, and 408 nondepressed patients, during a median follow-up period of 60 months after an acute MI. Survival analysis was used to model time from the index MI to death. There were 106 deaths during the follow-up. After adjusting for other risk factors for mortality, patients with either major or minor depression (HR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.19 to 2.60), major depression alone (HR = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.17 to 2.98), or minor depression alone (HR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.06 to 2.64) were at higher risk for all-cause mortality compared to the nondepressed patients. Depression is an independent risk factor for death 5 years after an acute MI. Even minor depression is associated with an increased risk. Although it is not known whether treating depression can improve survival, patients with depression should be recognized as being at increased risk long after their acute MI.
AB - Depression has been shown to be a risk factor for mortality during the 12 months following an acute myocardial infarction (MI), but few studies have examined whether it is associated with increased risk over longer periods. Most of the existing studies utilized depression questionnaires rather than diagnostic interviews, the gold standard for clinical depression diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether interview-diagnosed clinical depression affects survival for at least 5 years after an acute MI. Vital status was determined for 163 patients with major depression, 195 with minor depression or dysthymia, and 408 nondepressed patients, during a median follow-up period of 60 months after an acute MI. Survival analysis was used to model time from the index MI to death. There were 106 deaths during the follow-up. After adjusting for other risk factors for mortality, patients with either major or minor depression (HR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.19 to 2.60), major depression alone (HR = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.17 to 2.98), or minor depression alone (HR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.06 to 2.64) were at higher risk for all-cause mortality compared to the nondepressed patients. Depression is an independent risk factor for death 5 years after an acute MI. Even minor depression is associated with an increased risk. Although it is not known whether treating depression can improve survival, patients with depression should be recognized as being at increased risk long after their acute MI.
KW - Acute myocardial infarction
KW - Depressive disorder
KW - Mortality
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jad.2007.12.005
DO - 10.1016/j.jad.2007.12.005
M3 - Article
C2 - 18191208
AN - SCOPUS:43949093440
SN - 0165-0327
VL - 109
SP - 133
EP - 138
JO - Journal of Affective Disorders
JF - Journal of Affective Disorders
IS - 1-2
ER -