TY - JOUR
T1 - Clinical characteristics of potential kidney donors with asymptomatic kidney stones
AU - Lorenz, Elizabeth C.
AU - Lieske, John C.
AU - Vrtiska, Terri J.
AU - Krambeck, Amy E.
AU - Li, Xujian
AU - Bergstralh, Eric J.
AU - Melton, L. Joseph
AU - Rule, Andrew D.
N1 - Funding Information:
Confilict of interest statement. This study was supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P50 DK083007, R01 DK090358, K23 DK078229), U.S. Public Health Service.
PY - 2011/8
Y1 - 2011/8
N2 - Background. Patients with symptomatic kidney stones are characterized by older age, male gender, white race, hypertension, obesity, metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease. Whether these characteristics differ in patients with asymptomatic kidney stones is unknown.Methods. All potential kidney donors who underwent protocol computed tomography angiograms/urograms (2000-08) at the Mayo Clinic were identified. Renal abnormalities, including kidney stones, were assessed radiographically. Comorbidities, including past symptomatic kidney stones, were abstracted from the medical record. Characteristics of persons with and without radiographic stones were compared. Stone burden among persons with and without past symptomatic stones was compared.Results. Among 1957 potential kidney donors, 3% had past symptomatic stones and 11% had radiographic stones (10% had only asymptomatic radiographic stones). Asymptomatic stone formers were more likely to be of white race, have low urine volumes and have radiographic findings of renal parenchymal thinning, focal renal scarring, medullary sponge kidney and polycystic kidney disease. Asymptomatic stone formers were not characterized by older age, male gender, hypertension, obesity, metabolic syndrome, abnormal kidney function, hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia or hypophosphatemia. Among persons with radiographic stones, those with past symptomatic stones had a slightly higher number of stones (mean 2.7 versus 2.4; P = 0.04), but a much greater diameter for the largest stone (mean 4.8 versus 1.6 mm; P < 0.001).Conclusions. Asymptomatic kidney stone formers have different demographic characteristics and many lack the comorbidities that have been described in persons with symptomatic kidney stones. These findings suggest that different pathophysiologic mechanisms could be involved in asymptomatic stone formation versus symptomatic stone passage.
AB - Background. Patients with symptomatic kidney stones are characterized by older age, male gender, white race, hypertension, obesity, metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease. Whether these characteristics differ in patients with asymptomatic kidney stones is unknown.Methods. All potential kidney donors who underwent protocol computed tomography angiograms/urograms (2000-08) at the Mayo Clinic were identified. Renal abnormalities, including kidney stones, were assessed radiographically. Comorbidities, including past symptomatic kidney stones, were abstracted from the medical record. Characteristics of persons with and without radiographic stones were compared. Stone burden among persons with and without past symptomatic stones was compared.Results. Among 1957 potential kidney donors, 3% had past symptomatic stones and 11% had radiographic stones (10% had only asymptomatic radiographic stones). Asymptomatic stone formers were more likely to be of white race, have low urine volumes and have radiographic findings of renal parenchymal thinning, focal renal scarring, medullary sponge kidney and polycystic kidney disease. Asymptomatic stone formers were not characterized by older age, male gender, hypertension, obesity, metabolic syndrome, abnormal kidney function, hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia or hypophosphatemia. Among persons with radiographic stones, those with past symptomatic stones had a slightly higher number of stones (mean 2.7 versus 2.4; P = 0.04), but a much greater diameter for the largest stone (mean 4.8 versus 1.6 mm; P < 0.001).Conclusions. Asymptomatic kidney stone formers have different demographic characteristics and many lack the comorbidities that have been described in persons with symptomatic kidney stones. These findings suggest that different pathophysiologic mechanisms could be involved in asymptomatic stone formation versus symptomatic stone passage.
KW - chronic kidney disease
KW - kidney anatomy
KW - kidney stone
KW - nephrolithiasis
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U2 - 10.1093/ndt/gfq769
DO - 10.1093/ndt/gfq769
M3 - Article
C2 - 21285126
AN - SCOPUS:79961078791
SN - 0931-0509
VL - 26
SP - 2695
EP - 2700
JO - Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation
JF - Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation
IS - 8
ER -