TY - JOUR
T1 - Changes in microbial ecology after fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent C. difficile infection affected by underlying inflammatory bowel disease
AU - Khanna, Sahil
AU - Vazquez-Baeza, Yoshiki
AU - González, Antonio
AU - Weiss, Sophie
AU - Schmidt, Bradley
AU - Muñiz-Pedrogo, David A.
AU - Rainey, John F.
AU - Kammer, Patricia
AU - Nelson, Heidi
AU - Sadowsky, Michael
AU - Khoruts, Alexander
AU - Farrugia, Stefan L.
AU - Knight, Rob
AU - Pardi, Darrell S.
AU - Kashyap, Purna C.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was made possible by the support from NIH K08 DK100638 (PK), Global Probiotic Council (PK), Minnesota Partnership for Biotechnology and Genomics (PK), and Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, and CTSA grant number UL1 TR000135 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under award number P30DK084567 (Clinical Core). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of NIH.
Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s). 2017.
PY - 2017
Y1 - 2017
N2 - Background: Gut microbiota play a key role in maintaining homeostasis in the human gut. Alterations in the gut microbial ecosystem predispose to Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and gut inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from a healthy donor can restore gut microbial diversity and pathogen colonization resistance; consequently, it is now being investigated for its ability to improve inflammatory gut conditions such as IBD. In this study, we investigated changes in gut microbiota following FMT in 38 patients with CDI with or without underlying IBD. Results: There was a significant change in gut microbial composition towards the donor microbiota and an overall increase in microbial diversity consistent with previous studies after FMT. FMT was successful in treating CDI using a diverse set of donors, and varying degrees of donor stool engraftment suggesting that donor type and degree of engraftment are not drivers of a successful FMT treatment of CDI. However, patients with underlying IBD experienced an increased number of CDI relapses (during a 24-month follow-up) and a decreased growth of new taxa, as compared to the subjects without IBD. Moreover, the need for IBD therapy did not change following FMT. These results underscore the importance of the existing gut microbial landscape as a decisive factor to successfully treat CDI and potentially for improvement of the underlying pathophysiology in IBD. Conclusions: FMT leads to a significant change in microbial diversity in patients with recurrent CDI and complete resolution of symptoms. Stool donor type (related or unrelated) and degree of engraftment are not the key for successful treatment of CDI by FMT. However, CDI patients with IBD have higher proportion of the original community after FMT and lack of improvement of their IBD symptoms and increased episodes of CDI on long-term follow-up.
AB - Background: Gut microbiota play a key role in maintaining homeostasis in the human gut. Alterations in the gut microbial ecosystem predispose to Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and gut inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from a healthy donor can restore gut microbial diversity and pathogen colonization resistance; consequently, it is now being investigated for its ability to improve inflammatory gut conditions such as IBD. In this study, we investigated changes in gut microbiota following FMT in 38 patients with CDI with or without underlying IBD. Results: There was a significant change in gut microbial composition towards the donor microbiota and an overall increase in microbial diversity consistent with previous studies after FMT. FMT was successful in treating CDI using a diverse set of donors, and varying degrees of donor stool engraftment suggesting that donor type and degree of engraftment are not drivers of a successful FMT treatment of CDI. However, patients with underlying IBD experienced an increased number of CDI relapses (during a 24-month follow-up) and a decreased growth of new taxa, as compared to the subjects without IBD. Moreover, the need for IBD therapy did not change following FMT. These results underscore the importance of the existing gut microbial landscape as a decisive factor to successfully treat CDI and potentially for improvement of the underlying pathophysiology in IBD. Conclusions: FMT leads to a significant change in microbial diversity in patients with recurrent CDI and complete resolution of symptoms. Stool donor type (related or unrelated) and degree of engraftment are not the key for successful treatment of CDI by FMT. However, CDI patients with IBD have higher proportion of the original community after FMT and lack of improvement of their IBD symptoms and increased episodes of CDI on long-term follow-up.
KW - Clostridium difficile infection
KW - Fecal microbiota transplantation
KW - Inflammatory bowel disease
KW - Microbiome
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U2 - 10.1186/S40168-017-0269-3
DO - 10.1186/S40168-017-0269-3
M3 - Article
C2 - 28506317
AN - SCOPUS:85029744525
SN - 2049-2618
VL - 5
JO - Microbiome
JF - Microbiome
IS - 1
M1 - 55
ER -