TY - JOUR
T1 - Changes in all-cause and cause-specific mortality during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Minnesota
T2 - population-based study
AU - McCoy, Rozalina G.
AU - Campbell, Ronna L.
AU - Mullan, Aidan F.
AU - Bucks, Colin M.
AU - Clements, Casey M.
AU - Reichard, R. Ross
AU - Jeffery, Molly M.
N1 - Funding Information:
This effort was funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) of the National Institute of Health (NIH) National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) grant number K23DK114497. The funding body played no role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, and in writing the manuscript. Study contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of NIH.
Funding Information:
In the last 36 months, RGM has received unrelated research support from NIDDK, PCORI, and AARP®. She also serves as a consultant to Emmi® (Wolters Kluwer) on the development of patient education materials related to prediabetes and diabetes. In the past 36 months, MMJ has received unrelated funding from the US Food and Drug Administration; the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; the National Institute on Drug Abuse; the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences; the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and the American Cancer Society. Her spouse holds shares in Goodness Growth Holdings. CMC serves as a consultant to Vail Scientific for an area unrelated to this work (sepsis). RLC is an author for UpToDate and a consultant to Byrn Pharma for an area of unrelated to this work (anaphylaxis).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s).
PY - 2022/12
Y1 - 2022/12
N2 - Background: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in unprecedented increases in mortality in the U.S. and worldwide. To better understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality in the state of Minnesota, U.S.A., we characterize the changes in the causes of death during 2020 (COVID-19 period), compared to 2018–2019 (baseline period), assessing for differences across ages, races, ethnicities, sexes, and geographic characteristics. Methods: Longitudinal population-based study using Minnesota death certificate data, 2018–2020. Using Poisson regression models adjusted for age and sex, we calculated all-cause and cause-specific (by underlying causes of death) mortality rates per 100,000 Minnesotans, the demographics of the deceased, and years of life lost (YLL) using the Chiang’s life table method in 2020 relative to 2018–2019. Results: We identified 89,910 deaths in 2018–2019 and 52,030 deaths in 2020. The mean daily mortality rate increased from 123.1 (SD 11.7) in 2018–2019 to 144.2 (SD 22.1) in 2020. COVID-19 comprised 9.9% of deaths in 2020. Other categories of causes of death with significant increases in 2020 compared to 2018–2019 included assault by firearms (RR 1.68, 95% CI 1.34–2.11), accidental poisonings (RR 1.49, 95% CI 1.37–1.61), malnutrition (RR 1.48, 95% CI 1.17–1.87), alcoholic liver disease (RR, 95% CI 1.14–1.40), and cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases (RR 1.28, 95% CI 1.09–1.50). Mortality rates due to COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 causes were higher among racial and ethnic minority groups, older adults, and non-rural residents. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a 17% increase in the death rate in Minnesota relative to 2018–2019, driven by both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 causes. As the COVID-19 pandemic enters its third year, it is imperative to examine and address the factors contributing to excess mortality in the short-term and monitor for additional morbidity and mortality in the years to come.
AB - Background: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in unprecedented increases in mortality in the U.S. and worldwide. To better understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality in the state of Minnesota, U.S.A., we characterize the changes in the causes of death during 2020 (COVID-19 period), compared to 2018–2019 (baseline period), assessing for differences across ages, races, ethnicities, sexes, and geographic characteristics. Methods: Longitudinal population-based study using Minnesota death certificate data, 2018–2020. Using Poisson regression models adjusted for age and sex, we calculated all-cause and cause-specific (by underlying causes of death) mortality rates per 100,000 Minnesotans, the demographics of the deceased, and years of life lost (YLL) using the Chiang’s life table method in 2020 relative to 2018–2019. Results: We identified 89,910 deaths in 2018–2019 and 52,030 deaths in 2020. The mean daily mortality rate increased from 123.1 (SD 11.7) in 2018–2019 to 144.2 (SD 22.1) in 2020. COVID-19 comprised 9.9% of deaths in 2020. Other categories of causes of death with significant increases in 2020 compared to 2018–2019 included assault by firearms (RR 1.68, 95% CI 1.34–2.11), accidental poisonings (RR 1.49, 95% CI 1.37–1.61), malnutrition (RR 1.48, 95% CI 1.17–1.87), alcoholic liver disease (RR, 95% CI 1.14–1.40), and cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases (RR 1.28, 95% CI 1.09–1.50). Mortality rates due to COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 causes were higher among racial and ethnic minority groups, older adults, and non-rural residents. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a 17% increase in the death rate in Minnesota relative to 2018–2019, driven by both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 causes. As the COVID-19 pandemic enters its third year, it is imperative to examine and address the factors contributing to excess mortality in the short-term and monitor for additional morbidity and mortality in the years to come.
KW - COVID-19
KW - Epidemiology
KW - Mortality
KW - Pandemic
KW - Population health
KW - Rural
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85143407731&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1186/s12889-022-14743-z
DO - 10.1186/s12889-022-14743-z
M3 - Article
C2 - 36474190
AN - SCOPUS:85143407731
SN - 1471-2458
VL - 22
JO - BMC Public Health
JF - BMC Public Health
IS - 1
M1 - 2291
ER -