TY - JOUR
T1 - Biopsy-proven acute interstitial nephritis, 1993-2011
T2 - A case series
AU - Muriithi, Angela K.
AU - Leung, Nelson
AU - Valeri, Anthony M.
AU - Cornell, Lynn D.
AU - Sethi, Sanjeev
AU - Fidler, Mary E.
AU - Nasr, Samih H.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 National Kidney Foundation, Inc.
PY - 2014/10/1
Y1 - 2014/10/1
N2 - Outcomes Recovery of kidney function by 6 months, either complete, partial, or none. Complete recovery was defined as improvement in serum creatinine level to within 25% of baseline (or <1.4 mg/dL), and partial recovery, as a ≥50% decrease in serum creatinine level from its peak value but not reaching within 25% of its baseline value.Results Causes of AIN included drugs (70%), autoimmune diseases (20%), and infections (4%). Drug-induced AIN was due to antibiotics in 49%, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in 14%, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in 11%. Overall, the top 3 drug causes were omeprazole (12%), amoxicillin (8%), and ciprofloxacin (8%). Patients with drug-induced compared to non-drug-induced AIN were older and had higher baseline kidney function, but more severe acute kidney injury. Patients with PPI-induced AIN were older, were less symptomatic, and had longer durations of drug exposure and longer delays in getting kidney biopsy and steroids than for antibiotic-induced or NSAID-induced AIN. At 6 months postbiopsy, 49% of patients with drug-induced AIN treated with steroids achieved complete recovery; 39%, partial recovery; and 12%, no recovery. Correlates of poor recovery included a longer duration of drug exposure (15 vs 30 vs 130 days for complete, partial, and no recovery, respectively; P = 0.04) and longer delay in starting steroid therapy (8 vs 11 vs 35 days, respectively; P = 0.05).Conclusions The cause of AIN may be shifting; PPIs are emerging as an important contributor to this disease. Delays in discontinuation of the culprit drug and in initiating steroid treatment adversely affect recovery of kidney function.Background Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is an important cause of acute kidney injury, especially in hospitalized patients. The cause and outcome of AIN, particularly that due to drugs, is changing with prevalent medication use. The effectiveness of steroids for treatment of AIN is debated.Study Design Case series.Setting & Participants 133 patients with biopsy-proven AIN from 1993 through 2011 at a single center.Limitations Retrospective study, selection bias in patients who had kidney biopsy, single-center experience.
AB - Outcomes Recovery of kidney function by 6 months, either complete, partial, or none. Complete recovery was defined as improvement in serum creatinine level to within 25% of baseline (or <1.4 mg/dL), and partial recovery, as a ≥50% decrease in serum creatinine level from its peak value but not reaching within 25% of its baseline value.Results Causes of AIN included drugs (70%), autoimmune diseases (20%), and infections (4%). Drug-induced AIN was due to antibiotics in 49%, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in 14%, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in 11%. Overall, the top 3 drug causes were omeprazole (12%), amoxicillin (8%), and ciprofloxacin (8%). Patients with drug-induced compared to non-drug-induced AIN were older and had higher baseline kidney function, but more severe acute kidney injury. Patients with PPI-induced AIN were older, were less symptomatic, and had longer durations of drug exposure and longer delays in getting kidney biopsy and steroids than for antibiotic-induced or NSAID-induced AIN. At 6 months postbiopsy, 49% of patients with drug-induced AIN treated with steroids achieved complete recovery; 39%, partial recovery; and 12%, no recovery. Correlates of poor recovery included a longer duration of drug exposure (15 vs 30 vs 130 days for complete, partial, and no recovery, respectively; P = 0.04) and longer delay in starting steroid therapy (8 vs 11 vs 35 days, respectively; P = 0.05).Conclusions The cause of AIN may be shifting; PPIs are emerging as an important contributor to this disease. Delays in discontinuation of the culprit drug and in initiating steroid treatment adversely affect recovery of kidney function.Background Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is an important cause of acute kidney injury, especially in hospitalized patients. The cause and outcome of AIN, particularly that due to drugs, is changing with prevalent medication use. The effectiveness of steroids for treatment of AIN is debated.Study Design Case series.Setting & Participants 133 patients with biopsy-proven AIN from 1993 through 2011 at a single center.Limitations Retrospective study, selection bias in patients who had kidney biopsy, single-center experience.
KW - Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN)
KW - case series
KW - drug-induced AIN
KW - etiology of AIN
KW - kidney biopsy
KW - prognosis
KW - proton pump inhibitor (PPI)
KW - renal failure
KW - steroid treatment of AIN
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U2 - 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.04.027
DO - 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.04.027
M3 - Article
C2 - 24927897
AN - SCOPUS:84908120421
SN - 0272-6386
VL - 64
SP - 558
EP - 566
JO - American Journal of Kidney Diseases
JF - American Journal of Kidney Diseases
IS - 4
ER -