Aquaporin-4 and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Autoantibody Status Predict Outcome of Recurrent Optic Neuritis

Jiraporn Jitprapaikulsan, John Chen, Eoin Flanagan, W. Oliver Tobin, Jim P. Fryer, Brian G Weinshenker, Andrew McKeon, Vanda A Lennon, Jacqueline A. Leavitt, Jan-Mendelt Tillema, Claudia F Lucchinetti, B Mark Keegan, Orhun H Kantarci, Cheryl Khanna, Sarah M. Jenkins, Grant M. Spears, Jessica Sagan, Sean J Pittock

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

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Abstract

Purpose: To determine the aquaporin-4 and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) immunoglobulin G (IgG) serostatus and visual outcomes in patients with recurrent optic neuritis (rON) initially seeking treatment. Design: Cross-sectional cohort study. Participants: The study identified patients by searching the Mayo Clinic computerized central diagnostic index (January 2000–March 2017). The 246 eligible patients fulfilled the following criteria: (1) initially seeking treatment for at least 2 consecutive episodes of optic neuritis (ON) and (2) serum available for testing. Methods: Serum was tested for aquaporin-4 IgG and MOG IgG1 using an in-house validated flow cytometric assay using live HEK293 cells transfected with M1 aquaporin-4 or full-length MOG. Main Outcomes Measures: Aquaporin-4 IgG and MOG IgG1 serostatus, clinical characteristics, and visual outcomes. Results: Among 246 patients with rON at presentation, glial autoantibodies were detected in 32% (aquaporin-4 IgG, 19%; MOG IgG1, 13%); 186 patients had rON only and 60 patients had rON with subsequent additional inflammatory demyelinating attacks (rON-plus group). The rON-only cohort comprised the following: double seronegative (idiopathic), 110 patients (59%); MOG IgG1 positive, 27 patients (15%; 4 with chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy); multiple sclerosis (MS), 25 patients (13%); and aquaporin-4 IgG positive, 24 patients (13%). The rON-plus cohort comprised the following: aquaporin-4 IgG positive, 23 patients (38%); MS, 22 patients (37%); double seronegative, 11 patients (18%); and MOG IgG1 positive, 4 patients (7%). The annualized relapse rate for the rON-only group was 1.2 for MOG IgG1−positive patients, 0.7 for double-seronegative patients, 0.6 for aquaporin-4 IgG−positive patients, and 0.4 for MS patients (P = 0.005). The median visual acuity (VA) of patients with the worst rON-only attack at nadir were hand movements in aquaporin-4 IgG−positive patients, between counting fingers and hand movements in MOG IgG1−positive patients, 20/800 in idiopathic patients, and 20/100 in MS patients (P = 0.02). The median VA at last follow-up for affected eyes of the rON-only cohort were counting fingers for aquaporin-4 IgG−positive patients, 20/40 for idiopathic patients, 20/25 for MS patients and MOG IgG1−positive patients (P = 0.006). At 5 years after ON onset, 59% of aquaporin-4 IgG−positive patients, 22% of idiopathic patients, 12% of MOG IgG1−positive patients, and 8% of MS patients were estimated to have severe visual loss. Conclusions: Glial autoantibodies (MOG IgG1 or aquaporin-4 IgG) are found in one third of all patients with rON. Aquaporin-4 IgG seropositivity predicts a worse visual outcome than MOG IgG1 seropositivity, double seronegativity, or MS diagnosis. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG1 is associated with a greater relapse rate but better visual outcomes.

Original languageEnglish (US)
JournalOphthalmology
DOIs
StateAccepted/In press - Jan 1 2018

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Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
Aquaporin 4
Optic Neuritis
Autoantibodies
Immunoglobulin G
Multiple Sclerosis

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Ophthalmology

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Aquaporin-4 and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Autoantibody Status Predict Outcome of Recurrent Optic Neuritis. / Jitprapaikulsan, Jiraporn; Chen, John; Flanagan, Eoin; Tobin, W. Oliver; Fryer, Jim P.; Weinshenker, Brian G; McKeon, Andrew; Lennon, Vanda A; Leavitt, Jacqueline A.; Tillema, Jan-Mendelt; Lucchinetti, Claudia F; Keegan, B Mark; Kantarci, Orhun H; Khanna, Cheryl; Jenkins, Sarah M.; Spears, Grant M.; Sagan, Jessica; Pittock, Sean J.

In: Ophthalmology, 01.01.2018.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

Jitprapaikulsan, J, Chen, J, Flanagan, E, Tobin, WO, Fryer, JP, Weinshenker, BG, McKeon, A, Lennon, VA, Leavitt, JA, Tillema, J-M, Lucchinetti, CF, Keegan, BM, Kantarci, OH, Khanna, C, Jenkins, SM, Spears, GM, Sagan, J & Pittock, SJ 2018, 'Aquaporin-4 and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Autoantibody Status Predict Outcome of Recurrent Optic Neuritis', Ophthalmology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.03.041
Jitprapaikulsan J, Chen J, Flanagan E, Tobin WO, Fryer JP, Weinshenker BG et al. Aquaporin-4 and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Autoantibody Status Predict Outcome of Recurrent Optic Neuritis. Ophthalmology. 2018 Jan 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.03.041
Jitprapaikulsan, Jiraporn ; Chen, John ; Flanagan, Eoin ; Tobin, W. Oliver ; Fryer, Jim P. ; Weinshenker, Brian G ; McKeon, Andrew ; Lennon, Vanda A ; Leavitt, Jacqueline A. ; Tillema, Jan-Mendelt ; Lucchinetti, Claudia F ; Keegan, B Mark ; Kantarci, Orhun H ; Khanna, Cheryl ; Jenkins, Sarah M. ; Spears, Grant M. ; Sagan, Jessica ; Pittock, Sean J. / Aquaporin-4 and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Autoantibody Status Predict Outcome of Recurrent Optic Neuritis. In: Ophthalmology. 2018.
@article{0406003b7b2a4c80beb00c2cfedb82a9,
title = "Aquaporin-4 and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Autoantibody Status Predict Outcome of Recurrent Optic Neuritis",
abstract = "Purpose: To determine the aquaporin-4 and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) immunoglobulin G (IgG) serostatus and visual outcomes in patients with recurrent optic neuritis (rON) initially seeking treatment. Design: Cross-sectional cohort study. Participants: The study identified patients by searching the Mayo Clinic computerized central diagnostic index (January 2000–March 2017). The 246 eligible patients fulfilled the following criteria: (1) initially seeking treatment for at least 2 consecutive episodes of optic neuritis (ON) and (2) serum available for testing. Methods: Serum was tested for aquaporin-4 IgG and MOG IgG1 using an in-house validated flow cytometric assay using live HEK293 cells transfected with M1 aquaporin-4 or full-length MOG. Main Outcomes Measures: Aquaporin-4 IgG and MOG IgG1 serostatus, clinical characteristics, and visual outcomes. Results: Among 246 patients with rON at presentation, glial autoantibodies were detected in 32{\%} (aquaporin-4 IgG, 19{\%}; MOG IgG1, 13{\%}); 186 patients had rON only and 60 patients had rON with subsequent additional inflammatory demyelinating attacks (rON-plus group). The rON-only cohort comprised the following: double seronegative (idiopathic), 110 patients (59{\%}); MOG IgG1 positive, 27 patients (15{\%}; 4 with chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy); multiple sclerosis (MS), 25 patients (13{\%}); and aquaporin-4 IgG positive, 24 patients (13{\%}). The rON-plus cohort comprised the following: aquaporin-4 IgG positive, 23 patients (38{\%}); MS, 22 patients (37{\%}); double seronegative, 11 patients (18{\%}); and MOG IgG1 positive, 4 patients (7{\%}). The annualized relapse rate for the rON-only group was 1.2 for MOG IgG1−positive patients, 0.7 for double-seronegative patients, 0.6 for aquaporin-4 IgG−positive patients, and 0.4 for MS patients (P = 0.005). The median visual acuity (VA) of patients with the worst rON-only attack at nadir were hand movements in aquaporin-4 IgG−positive patients, between counting fingers and hand movements in MOG IgG1−positive patients, 20/800 in idiopathic patients, and 20/100 in MS patients (P = 0.02). The median VA at last follow-up for affected eyes of the rON-only cohort were counting fingers for aquaporin-4 IgG−positive patients, 20/40 for idiopathic patients, 20/25 for MS patients and MOG IgG1−positive patients (P = 0.006). At 5 years after ON onset, 59{\%} of aquaporin-4 IgG−positive patients, 22{\%} of idiopathic patients, 12{\%} of MOG IgG1−positive patients, and 8{\%} of MS patients were estimated to have severe visual loss. Conclusions: Glial autoantibodies (MOG IgG1 or aquaporin-4 IgG) are found in one third of all patients with rON. Aquaporin-4 IgG seropositivity predicts a worse visual outcome than MOG IgG1 seropositivity, double seronegativity, or MS diagnosis. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG1 is associated with a greater relapse rate but better visual outcomes.",
author = "Jiraporn Jitprapaikulsan and John Chen and Eoin Flanagan and Tobin, {W. Oliver} and Fryer, {Jim P.} and Weinshenker, {Brian G} and Andrew McKeon and Lennon, {Vanda A} and Leavitt, {Jacqueline A.} and Jan-Mendelt Tillema and Lucchinetti, {Claudia F} and Keegan, {B Mark} and Kantarci, {Orhun H} and Cheryl Khanna and Jenkins, {Sarah M.} and Spears, {Grant M.} and Jessica Sagan and Pittock, {Sean J}",
year = "2018",
month = "1",
day = "1",
doi = "10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.03.041",
language = "English (US)",
journal = "Ophthalmology",
issn = "0161-6420",
publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Aquaporin-4 and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Autoantibody Status Predict Outcome of Recurrent Optic Neuritis

AU - Jitprapaikulsan, Jiraporn

AU - Chen, John

AU - Flanagan, Eoin

AU - Tobin, W. Oliver

AU - Fryer, Jim P.

AU - Weinshenker, Brian G

AU - McKeon, Andrew

AU - Lennon, Vanda A

AU - Leavitt, Jacqueline A.

AU - Tillema, Jan-Mendelt

AU - Lucchinetti, Claudia F

AU - Keegan, B Mark

AU - Kantarci, Orhun H

AU - Khanna, Cheryl

AU - Jenkins, Sarah M.

AU - Spears, Grant M.

AU - Sagan, Jessica

AU - Pittock, Sean J

PY - 2018/1/1

Y1 - 2018/1/1

N2 - Purpose: To determine the aquaporin-4 and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) immunoglobulin G (IgG) serostatus and visual outcomes in patients with recurrent optic neuritis (rON) initially seeking treatment. Design: Cross-sectional cohort study. Participants: The study identified patients by searching the Mayo Clinic computerized central diagnostic index (January 2000–March 2017). The 246 eligible patients fulfilled the following criteria: (1) initially seeking treatment for at least 2 consecutive episodes of optic neuritis (ON) and (2) serum available for testing. Methods: Serum was tested for aquaporin-4 IgG and MOG IgG1 using an in-house validated flow cytometric assay using live HEK293 cells transfected with M1 aquaporin-4 or full-length MOG. Main Outcomes Measures: Aquaporin-4 IgG and MOG IgG1 serostatus, clinical characteristics, and visual outcomes. Results: Among 246 patients with rON at presentation, glial autoantibodies were detected in 32% (aquaporin-4 IgG, 19%; MOG IgG1, 13%); 186 patients had rON only and 60 patients had rON with subsequent additional inflammatory demyelinating attacks (rON-plus group). The rON-only cohort comprised the following: double seronegative (idiopathic), 110 patients (59%); MOG IgG1 positive, 27 patients (15%; 4 with chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy); multiple sclerosis (MS), 25 patients (13%); and aquaporin-4 IgG positive, 24 patients (13%). The rON-plus cohort comprised the following: aquaporin-4 IgG positive, 23 patients (38%); MS, 22 patients (37%); double seronegative, 11 patients (18%); and MOG IgG1 positive, 4 patients (7%). The annualized relapse rate for the rON-only group was 1.2 for MOG IgG1−positive patients, 0.7 for double-seronegative patients, 0.6 for aquaporin-4 IgG−positive patients, and 0.4 for MS patients (P = 0.005). The median visual acuity (VA) of patients with the worst rON-only attack at nadir were hand movements in aquaporin-4 IgG−positive patients, between counting fingers and hand movements in MOG IgG1−positive patients, 20/800 in idiopathic patients, and 20/100 in MS patients (P = 0.02). The median VA at last follow-up for affected eyes of the rON-only cohort were counting fingers for aquaporin-4 IgG−positive patients, 20/40 for idiopathic patients, 20/25 for MS patients and MOG IgG1−positive patients (P = 0.006). At 5 years after ON onset, 59% of aquaporin-4 IgG−positive patients, 22% of idiopathic patients, 12% of MOG IgG1−positive patients, and 8% of MS patients were estimated to have severe visual loss. Conclusions: Glial autoantibodies (MOG IgG1 or aquaporin-4 IgG) are found in one third of all patients with rON. Aquaporin-4 IgG seropositivity predicts a worse visual outcome than MOG IgG1 seropositivity, double seronegativity, or MS diagnosis. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG1 is associated with a greater relapse rate but better visual outcomes.

AB - Purpose: To determine the aquaporin-4 and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) immunoglobulin G (IgG) serostatus and visual outcomes in patients with recurrent optic neuritis (rON) initially seeking treatment. Design: Cross-sectional cohort study. Participants: The study identified patients by searching the Mayo Clinic computerized central diagnostic index (January 2000–March 2017). The 246 eligible patients fulfilled the following criteria: (1) initially seeking treatment for at least 2 consecutive episodes of optic neuritis (ON) and (2) serum available for testing. Methods: Serum was tested for aquaporin-4 IgG and MOG IgG1 using an in-house validated flow cytometric assay using live HEK293 cells transfected with M1 aquaporin-4 or full-length MOG. Main Outcomes Measures: Aquaporin-4 IgG and MOG IgG1 serostatus, clinical characteristics, and visual outcomes. Results: Among 246 patients with rON at presentation, glial autoantibodies were detected in 32% (aquaporin-4 IgG, 19%; MOG IgG1, 13%); 186 patients had rON only and 60 patients had rON with subsequent additional inflammatory demyelinating attacks (rON-plus group). The rON-only cohort comprised the following: double seronegative (idiopathic), 110 patients (59%); MOG IgG1 positive, 27 patients (15%; 4 with chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy); multiple sclerosis (MS), 25 patients (13%); and aquaporin-4 IgG positive, 24 patients (13%). The rON-plus cohort comprised the following: aquaporin-4 IgG positive, 23 patients (38%); MS, 22 patients (37%); double seronegative, 11 patients (18%); and MOG IgG1 positive, 4 patients (7%). The annualized relapse rate for the rON-only group was 1.2 for MOG IgG1−positive patients, 0.7 for double-seronegative patients, 0.6 for aquaporin-4 IgG−positive patients, and 0.4 for MS patients (P = 0.005). The median visual acuity (VA) of patients with the worst rON-only attack at nadir were hand movements in aquaporin-4 IgG−positive patients, between counting fingers and hand movements in MOG IgG1−positive patients, 20/800 in idiopathic patients, and 20/100 in MS patients (P = 0.02). The median VA at last follow-up for affected eyes of the rON-only cohort were counting fingers for aquaporin-4 IgG−positive patients, 20/40 for idiopathic patients, 20/25 for MS patients and MOG IgG1−positive patients (P = 0.006). At 5 years after ON onset, 59% of aquaporin-4 IgG−positive patients, 22% of idiopathic patients, 12% of MOG IgG1−positive patients, and 8% of MS patients were estimated to have severe visual loss. Conclusions: Glial autoantibodies (MOG IgG1 or aquaporin-4 IgG) are found in one third of all patients with rON. Aquaporin-4 IgG seropositivity predicts a worse visual outcome than MOG IgG1 seropositivity, double seronegativity, or MS diagnosis. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG1 is associated with a greater relapse rate but better visual outcomes.

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