@article{6d05d6019f0b425d8edec8c137308530,
title = "A population-based prospective study of optic neuritis",
abstract = "Background: Optic neuritis (ON) is often associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). Early diagnosis is critical to optimal patient management. Objective: To estimate the incidence of acute ON and the rates of conversion to MS and antibody-mediated ON. Method: Population-based prospective study was performed in patients with ON from three ophthalmological departments and 44 practicing ophthalmologists from 2014 to 2016. Ophthalmological and neurological examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), determination of aquaporin-4(AQP4)-IgG and myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-IgG were investigated blindly. Results: In all, 63 patients were evaluated and 51 fulfilled the criteria for ON. All were Caucasian, with female:male ratio of 2.2:1 and a median age of 38 years (16–66); 44 (86%) had a single episode of ON (four bilateral), while 7/51 (14%) had recurrent ON. The overall age-specific incidence was 3.28 (2.44–4.31) per 100,000 person years, 2.02 for men and 4.57 for women. At follow-up, 20 patients met the diagnostic criteria for MS, MRI lesions disseminated in space and time in 17/20 patients. AQP4-IgG was detected in none, MOG-IgG was detected in two patients. Conclusion: The prospective incidence of ON was estimated. MRI enabled a diagnosis of MS in a subgroup of patients. Antibody-mediated ON with specificity for MOG was detected in 4% of cases.",
keywords = "Epidemiology, MRI, biomarkers, clinically isolated syndrome, multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease",
author = "K. Soelberg and S. Jarius and Skejoe, {H. P.B.} and H. Engberg and Mehlsen, {J. J.} and Nilsson, {A. C.} and Madsen, {J. S.} and M. Reindl and B. Wildemann and J. Grauslund and Kyvik, {K. O.} and Smith, {T. J.} and Lillevang, {S. T.} and F. Paul and Weinshenker, {B. G.} and N. Asgari",
note = "Funding Information: The authors thank Professor Trevor Owens and Associate Professor Rikke Leth-Larsen for suggestions and advice for the study design and Kevin K. Mortensen, MD; Carsten Bisgaard, MD; Malou H{\o}gsbro, MD; Gerda N{\o}rrelykke M{\o}ller, MD; and Alan Kimper-Karl, MD for creating facilities for patient investigation. The authors thank the Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology at Lillebaelt Hospital, in particular Louise B Jensen, RN, and Grethe G Isaksen, RN, the three departments of ophthalmology, and all the ophthalmologist in general practice in the Region of Southern Denmark and the Autoimmunity Lab at Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, in particular Lis Rasmussen, for technical assistance. The data manager David Hass is thanked for establishing the RED Cap database. The authors thank the following for foundation support: Region of Southern Denmark, The University of Southern Denmark, the Danish Multiple Sclerosis Society, Lillebaelt Research Foundation, and Director Jakob Madsen and Wife Olga Madsen{\textquoteright}s Foundation. B.W. and S.J. are grateful to Merck Serono and to Dietmar-Hopp-Stiftung for supporting research on NMO at the Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; S.J. would like to thank Mrs Annemarie Eschlbeck and the Nikon Imaging Center at the University of Heidelberg for excellent technical assistance. F.P. thanks for support Funding Information: The author(s) declared receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research has been supported by the Region of Southern Denmark, The University of Southern Denmark, The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Society (A29922 and A32030), the Lillebaelt Research Foundation, and Director Jakob Madsen and Wife Olga Madsen{\textquoteright}s Foundation. Funding Information: The author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: K.S., S.J., H.B.P.S, H.E., J.J.M., A.C.N., J.S.M., J.G., K.O.K., and S.T.L. declare no conflicts of interest. M.R. receives payments for antibody assays (AQP4-and anti-neuronal antibodies) and for AQP4-and MOG-antibody validation experiments organized by Euroimmun (Germany) from the Neurological Research Laboratory (Medical University of Innsbruck and Tirol Kliniken). M.R. was supported by research grant “BIG WIG MS” from the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy. The work of B.W. was supported by research grants from the Dietmar-Hopp-Stiftung and from Merck Serono. T.J.S. patents on the therapeutic targeting of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor and the clinical assay development of anti-IGF-IR antibodies in autoimmune diseases. T.J.S. was funded by National Institutes of Health grants EY008976 and 5UM1AI110557, Center for Vision core grant EY007003 from the National Eye Institute, and unrestricted grants from Research to Prevent Blindness and the Bell Charitable Foundation. F.P. serves on the scientific advisory board for Novartis; received speaker honoraria and travel funding from Bayer, Novartis, Biogen Idec, Teva, Sanofi-Aventis/Genzyme, Merck, Serono, Alexion, Chugai, MedImmune, and Shire; he is an academic editor for PLoS ONE; is an associate editor for Neurology: Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation; consulted for SanofiGenzyme, Biogen Idec, MedImmune, Shire, and Alexion; and received research support from Bayer, Novartis, Biogen Idec, Teva, Sanofi-Aventis/Genzyme, Alexion, Merck Serono, German Research Council, Werth Stiftung of the City of Cologne, German Ministry of Education and Research, Arthur Arnstein Stiftung Berlin, EU FP7 Framework Program, Arthur Arnstein Foundation (Berlin), Guthy Jackson Charitable Foundation, and National Multiple Sclerosis of the USA. B.W. receives royalties from RSR Ltd, Oxford University, Hospices Civil de Lyon, and MVZ Labor PD Dr Volkmann und Kollegen GbR for a patent of NMO-IgG as a diagnostic test for NMO and related disorders. He serves as a member of an adjudication committee for clinical trials in NMO being conducted by MedImmune and Alexion pharmaceutical companies. He is a consultant for Caladrius Biosciences regarding a clinical trial for NMO. He serves as a member of a data safety monitoring committee for clinical trials conducted by Novartis. Funding Information: by the German Research Council (DFG Exc 257), the German Competence Network Multiple Sclerosis (Bundesministerium f{\"u}r Bildung und Forschung), and the Guthy Jackson Charitable Foundation.",
year = "2017",
month = dec,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1177/1352458517734070",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "23",
pages = "1893--1901",
journal = "Multiple Sclerosis",
issn = "1352-4585",
publisher = "SAGE Publications Ltd",
number = "14",
}