@article{0943b32c83c5449f9c2f6fdec5a95eaa,
title = "3D maps localize caudate nucleus atrophy in 400 Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and healthy elderly subjects",
abstract = "MRI research examining structural brain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) generally focuses on medial temporal and cortical structures, but amyloid and tau deposits also accumulate in the caudate. Here we mapped the 3D profile of caudate atrophy using a surface mapping approach in subjects with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to identify potential clinical and pathological correlates. 3D surface models of the caudate were automatically extracted from 400 baseline MRI scans (100 AD, 200 MCI, 100 healthy elderly). Compared to controls, caudate volumes were lower in MCI (2.64% left, 4.43% right) and AD (4.74% left, 8.47% right). Caudate atrophy was associated with age, sum-of-boxes and global Clinical Dementia Ratings, Delayed Logical Memory scores, MMSE decline 1 year later, and body mass index. Reduced right (but not left) volume was associated with MCI-to-AD conversion and CSF tau levels. Normal caudate asymmetry (with the right 3.9% larger than left) was lost in AD, suggesting preferential right caudate atrophy. Automated caudate maps may complement other MRI-derived measures of disease burden in AD.",
keywords = "Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Alzheimer's disease, Atrophy, Brain mapping, Caudate nucleus, MRI, Mild cognitive impairment, Normal aging, Surface mapping",
author = "Madsen, {S. K.} and Ho, {A. J.} and X. Hua and Saharan, {P. S.} and Toga, {A. W.} and Jack, {C. R.} and Weiner, {M. W.} and Thompson, {P. M.}",
note = "Funding Information: Data collection and sharing for this project was funded by the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) ( National Institutes of Health , Grant U01 AG024904 ). ADNI is funded by the National Institute on Aging , the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering , and through generous contributions from the following: Abbott , AstraZeneca AB , Bayer Schering Pharma AG , Bristol-Myers Squibb , Eisai Global Clinical Development , Elan Corporation , Genentech , GE Healthcare , GlaxoSmithKline , Innogenetics , Johnson and Johnson , Eli Lilly, and Co. , Medpace, Inc. , Merck and Co., Inc. , Novartis AG , Pfizer, Inc , F. Hoffman-La Roche , Schering-Plough , Synarc, Inc. , and Wyeth , as well as nonprofit partners the Alzheimer's Association and Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation , with participation from the US Food and Drug Administration . Private sector contributions to ADNI are facilitated by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health ( www.fnih.org/ ). The grantee organization is the Northern California Institute for Research and Education , and the study is coordinated by the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study at the University of California, San Diego. ADNI data are disseminated by the Laboratory of Neuro Imaging at the University of California, Los Angeles. This research was also supported by NIH Grants P30 AG010129 , K01 AG030514 , and the Dana Foundation .",
year = "2010",
month = aug,
doi = "10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.05.002",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "31",
pages = "1312--1325",
journal = "Neurobiology of aging",
issn = "0197-4580",
publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",
number = "8",
}