TY - JOUR
T1 - What is type 2 diabetes?
AU - Hurtado, Maria Daniela
AU - Vella, Adrian
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2019/1
Y1 - 2019/1
N2 - Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia. It is associated with reduced life expectancy owing to a greater risk of heart disease, stroke, peripheral neuropathy, renal disease, blindness and amputation. The best-known predictors of increased diabetes risk are elevated fasting plasma glucose, elevated 1- and 2-hour plasma glucose after an oral glucose tolerance test, obesity and evidence of impaired insulin action. However, the mechanisms by which people with impaired fasting glucose and/or abnormal glucose tolerance ‘progress’ to overt T2DM are not completely understood. Moreover, T2DM is defined in a ‘negative’ sense (hyperglycaemia not accounted for by autoimmune destruction of islet cells or other known causes). This has two potentially negative consequences: first, T2DM may actually encompass a heterogeneous group of hyperglycaemic disorders with multiple different mechanisms; and second, defining such a complex disease affecting many different metabolic pathways simply in terms of hyperglycaemia may oversimplify the nature of the condition. In this review, we explore some of the mechanisms suggested to underlie T2DM, and attempt to remind readers that hyperglycaemia is only one of its characteristics.
AB - Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia. It is associated with reduced life expectancy owing to a greater risk of heart disease, stroke, peripheral neuropathy, renal disease, blindness and amputation. The best-known predictors of increased diabetes risk are elevated fasting plasma glucose, elevated 1- and 2-hour plasma glucose after an oral glucose tolerance test, obesity and evidence of impaired insulin action. However, the mechanisms by which people with impaired fasting glucose and/or abnormal glucose tolerance ‘progress’ to overt T2DM are not completely understood. Moreover, T2DM is defined in a ‘negative’ sense (hyperglycaemia not accounted for by autoimmune destruction of islet cells or other known causes). This has two potentially negative consequences: first, T2DM may actually encompass a heterogeneous group of hyperglycaemic disorders with multiple different mechanisms; and second, defining such a complex disease affecting many different metabolic pathways simply in terms of hyperglycaemia may oversimplify the nature of the condition. In this review, we explore some of the mechanisms suggested to underlie T2DM, and attempt to remind readers that hyperglycaemia is only one of its characteristics.
KW - Incretin hormones
KW - MRCP
KW - insulin action
KW - insulin secretion
KW - pre-diabetes
KW - type 2 diabetes
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U2 - 10.1016/j.mpmed.2018.10.010
DO - 10.1016/j.mpmed.2018.10.010
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85058956748
SN - 1357-3039
VL - 47
SP - 10
EP - 15
JO - Medicine (United Kingdom)
JF - Medicine (United Kingdom)
IS - 1
ER -