TY - JOUR
T1 - Very-long-chain ω-3 fatty acid supplements and adipose tissue functions
T2 - A randomized controlled trial
AU - Hames, Kazanna C.
AU - Morgan-Bathke, Maria
AU - Harteneck, Debra A.
AU - Zhou, Lendia
AU - Port, John D.
AU - Lanza, Ian R.
AU - Jensen, Michael D.
N1 - Funding Information:
Supported by NIH grants DK40484, DK50456, and Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women's Health (BIRCWH) K12HD065897 and 5T32 DK007352, National Center for Research Resources grant UL1TR000135, and the Mayo Foundation. Oral supplements were provided by Sancilio Company Inc.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 American Society for Nutrition.
PY - 2017/6/1
Y1 - 2017/6/1
N2 - Background: Increased omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid consumption is reported to benefit patients with metabolic syndrome, possibly due to improved adipose tissue function. Objective: We tested the effects of high-dose, very-long-chain ω-3 fatty acids on adipose tissue inflammation and insulin regulation of lipolysis. Design: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared 6 mo of 3.9 g eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/d (4.2 g total ω-3/d; n = 12) with a placebo (4.2 g oleate/d; n = 9) in insulin-resistant adults. Before and after treatment, the volunteers underwent adipose tissue biopsies to measure the total (CD68+), pro-(CD14+ = M1), and anti-(CD206+ = M2) inflammatory macrophages, crown-like structures, and senescent cells, as well as a 2-step pancreatic clamping with a[U-13C]palmitate infusion to determine the insulin concentration needed to suppress palmitate flux by 50% (IC50(palmitate)f). Results: In the v-3 group, the EPA and DHA contributions to plasma free fatty acids increased (P = 0.0003 and P = 0.003, respectively), as did the EPA and DHA content in adipose tissue (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Despite increases in adipose and plasma EPA and DHA in the v-3 group, there were no significant changes in the IC50(palmitate)f (19 ± 2 compared with 24 ± 3 μIU/mL), adipose macrophages (total: 31 ± 2/100 adipocytes compared with 33 ± 2/100 adipocytes; CD14+: 13 ± 2/100 adipocytes compared with 14 6 2/100 adipocytes; CD206+: 28 ± 2/100 adipocytes compared with 29 ± 3/100 adipocytes), crown-like structures (1 ± 0/10 images compared with 1 ± 0/10 images), or senescent cells (4% ± 1% compared with 4% ± 1%). There were no changes in these outcomes in the placebo group. Conclusions: Six months of high-dose ω-3 supplementation raised plasma and adipose v-3 fatty acid concentrations but had no beneficial effects on adipose tissue lipolysis or inflammation in insulinresistant adults. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01686568. Am J Clin Nutr 2017;105:1552-8.
AB - Background: Increased omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid consumption is reported to benefit patients with metabolic syndrome, possibly due to improved adipose tissue function. Objective: We tested the effects of high-dose, very-long-chain ω-3 fatty acids on adipose tissue inflammation and insulin regulation of lipolysis. Design: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared 6 mo of 3.9 g eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/d (4.2 g total ω-3/d; n = 12) with a placebo (4.2 g oleate/d; n = 9) in insulin-resistant adults. Before and after treatment, the volunteers underwent adipose tissue biopsies to measure the total (CD68+), pro-(CD14+ = M1), and anti-(CD206+ = M2) inflammatory macrophages, crown-like structures, and senescent cells, as well as a 2-step pancreatic clamping with a[U-13C]palmitate infusion to determine the insulin concentration needed to suppress palmitate flux by 50% (IC50(palmitate)f). Results: In the v-3 group, the EPA and DHA contributions to plasma free fatty acids increased (P = 0.0003 and P = 0.003, respectively), as did the EPA and DHA content in adipose tissue (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Despite increases in adipose and plasma EPA and DHA in the v-3 group, there were no significant changes in the IC50(palmitate)f (19 ± 2 compared with 24 ± 3 μIU/mL), adipose macrophages (total: 31 ± 2/100 adipocytes compared with 33 ± 2/100 adipocytes; CD14+: 13 ± 2/100 adipocytes compared with 14 6 2/100 adipocytes; CD206+: 28 ± 2/100 adipocytes compared with 29 ± 3/100 adipocytes), crown-like structures (1 ± 0/10 images compared with 1 ± 0/10 images), or senescent cells (4% ± 1% compared with 4% ± 1%). There were no changes in these outcomes in the placebo group. Conclusions: Six months of high-dose ω-3 supplementation raised plasma and adipose v-3 fatty acid concentrations but had no beneficial effects on adipose tissue lipolysis or inflammation in insulinresistant adults. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01686568. Am J Clin Nutr 2017;105:1552-8.
KW - DHA
KW - EPA
KW - Inflammation
KW - Insulin resistance
KW - Lipolysis
KW - Macrophage
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U2 - 10.3945/ajcn.116.148114
DO - 10.3945/ajcn.116.148114
M3 - Article
C2 - 28424185
AN - SCOPUS:85020527945
SN - 0002-9165
VL - 105
SP - 1552
EP - 1558
JO - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
JF - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
IS - 6
ER -