TY - JOUR
T1 - Vaccination-infection interval determines cross-neutralization potency to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron after breakthrough infection by other variants
AU - Miyamoto, Sho
AU - Arashiro, Takeshi
AU - Adachi, Yu
AU - Moriyama, Saya
AU - Kinoshita, Hitomi
AU - Kanno, Takayuki
AU - Saito, Shinji
AU - Katano, Harutaka
AU - Iida, Shun
AU - Ainai, Akira
AU - Kotaki, Ryutaro
AU - Yamada, Souichi
AU - Kuroda, Yudai
AU - Yamamoto, Tsukasa
AU - Ishijima, Keita
AU - Park, Eun Sil
AU - Inoue, Yusuke
AU - Kaku, Yoshihiro
AU - Tobiume, Minoru
AU - Iwata-Yoshikawa, Naoko
AU - Shiwa-Sudo, Nozomi
AU - Tokunaga, Kenzo
AU - Ozono, Seiya
AU - Hemmi, Takuya
AU - Ueno, Akira
AU - Kishida, Noriko
AU - Watanabe, Shinji
AU - Nojima, Kiyoko
AU - Seki, Yohei
AU - Mizukami, Takuo
AU - Hasegawa, Hideki
AU - Ebihara, Hideki
AU - Maeda, Ken
AU - Fukushi, Shuetsu
AU - Takahashi, Yoshimasa
AU - Suzuki, Tadaki
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2022/4/8
Y1 - 2022/4/8
N2 - Background: The immune profile against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has dramatically diversified due to a complex combination of exposure to vaccines and infection by various lineages/variants, likely generating a heterogeneity in protective immunity in a given population. To further complicate this, the Omicron variant, with numerous spike mutations, has emerged. These circumstances have created the need to assess the potential of immune evasion by Omicron in individuals with various immune histories. Methods: The neutralization susceptibility of the variants, including Omicron and their ancestors, was comparably assessed using a panel of plasma/serum derived from individuals with divergent immune histories. Blood samples were collected from either mRNA vaccinees or from those who suffered from breakthrough infections of Alpha/Delta with multiple time intervals following vaccination. Findings: Omicron was highly resistant to neutralization in fully vaccinated individuals without a history of breakthrough infections. In contrast, robust cross-neutralization against Omicron was induced in vaccinees that experienced breakthrough infections. The time interval between vaccination and infection, rather than the variant types of infection, was significantly correlated with the magnitude and potency of Omicron-neutralizing antibodies. Conclusions: Immune histories with breakthrough infections can overcome the resistance to infection by Omicron, with the vaccination-infection interval being the key determinant of the magnitude and breadth of neutralization. The diverse exposure history in each individual warrants a tailored and cautious approach to understanding population immunity against Omicron and future variants. Funding: This study was supported by grants from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED).
AB - Background: The immune profile against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has dramatically diversified due to a complex combination of exposure to vaccines and infection by various lineages/variants, likely generating a heterogeneity in protective immunity in a given population. To further complicate this, the Omicron variant, with numerous spike mutations, has emerged. These circumstances have created the need to assess the potential of immune evasion by Omicron in individuals with various immune histories. Methods: The neutralization susceptibility of the variants, including Omicron and their ancestors, was comparably assessed using a panel of plasma/serum derived from individuals with divergent immune histories. Blood samples were collected from either mRNA vaccinees or from those who suffered from breakthrough infections of Alpha/Delta with multiple time intervals following vaccination. Findings: Omicron was highly resistant to neutralization in fully vaccinated individuals without a history of breakthrough infections. In contrast, robust cross-neutralization against Omicron was induced in vaccinees that experienced breakthrough infections. The time interval between vaccination and infection, rather than the variant types of infection, was significantly correlated with the magnitude and potency of Omicron-neutralizing antibodies. Conclusions: Immune histories with breakthrough infections can overcome the resistance to infection by Omicron, with the vaccination-infection interval being the key determinant of the magnitude and breadth of neutralization. The diverse exposure history in each individual warrants a tailored and cautious approach to understanding population immunity against Omicron and future variants. Funding: This study was supported by grants from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED).
KW - BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine
KW - COVID-19 vaccine
KW - Omicron variant
KW - SARS-CoV-2
KW - Translation to patients
KW - breakthrough infection
KW - neutralizing antibody
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U2 - 10.1016/j.medj.2022.02.006
DO - 10.1016/j.medj.2022.02.006
M3 - Article
C2 - 35261995
AN - SCOPUS:85127386112
SN - 2666-6359
VL - 3
SP - 249-261.e4
JO - Med
JF - Med
IS - 4
ER -