@article{1454a1ee3aaf447bbb1878a36a026bb4,
title = "Understanding Biofilms and Novel Approaches to the Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Medical Device-Associated Infections",
abstract = "Treatment of medical device-related infections is challenging and recurrence is common. The main reason for this is that microorganisms adhere to the surfaces of medical devices and enter into a biofilm state in which they display distinct growth rates, structural features, and protection from antimicrobial agents and host immune mechanisms compared with their planktonic counterparts. This article reviews how microorganisms form biofilms and the mechanisms of protection against antimicrobial agents and the host immune system provided by biofilms. Also discussed are innovative strategies for the diagnosis of biofilm-associated infection and novel approaches to treatment and prevention of medical device-associated infections.",
keywords = "Biofilm, Extracellular polymeric substance, Extracellular polymeric substance targeting therapy, Medical device-associated infection, Physical–mechanical approach, Surface-coating or eluting substrate, Tolerance",
author = "Wi, {Yu Mi} and Robin Patel",
note = "Funding Information: Dr R. Patel reports grants from CD Diagnostics, BioFire, Curetis, Merck, Hutchison Biofilm Medical Solutions, Accelerate Diagnostics, Allergan, and The Medicines Company. Dr R. Patel is or has been a consultant to Curetis, Qvella, St. Jude, Beckman Coulter, Morgan Stanley, Heraeus Medical GmbH, CORMATRIX, Specific Technologies, Diaxonit, Selux Dx, GenMark Diagnostics, LBT Innovations Ltd, PathoQuest and Genentech; monies are paid to Mayo Clinic. In addition, Dr R. Patel has a patent on Bordetella pertussis/parapertussis polymerase chain reaction issued, a patent on a device/method for sonication with royalties paid by Samsung to Mayo Clinic, and a patent on an antibiofilm substance issued. Dr R. Patel has served on an Actelion data monitoring board. Dr R. Patel receives travel reimbursement from the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) and Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and an editor's stipend from the ASM and IDSA, and honoraria from the National Board of Medical Examiners, Up-to-Date, and the Infectious Diseases Board Review Course. Dr Y.M. Wi has nothing to disclose. This publication was supported by the National Institutes of Health under award numbers R01 AR056647, R01 AI091594, and R21 AI125870. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Funding Information: Dr R. Patel reports grants from CD Diagnostics , BioFire , Curetis , Merck , Hutchison Biofilm Medical Solutions , Accelerate Diagnostics , Allergan , and The Medicines Company . Dr R. Patel is or has been a consultant to Curetis, Qvella, St. Jude, Beckman Coulter, Morgan Stanley, Heraeus Medical GmbH, CORMATRIX, Specific Technologies, Diaxonit, Selux Dx, GenMark Diagnostics, LBT Innovations Ltd, PathoQuest and Genentech; monies are paid to Mayo Clinic. In addition, Dr R. Patel has a patent on Bordetella pertussis/parapertussis polymerase chain reaction issued, a patent on a device/method for sonication with royalties paid by Samsung to Mayo Clinic, and a patent on an antibiofilm substance issued. Dr R. Patel has served on an Actelion data monitoring board. Dr R. Patel receives travel reimbursement from the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) and Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and an editor{\textquoteright}s stipend from the ASM and IDSA, and honoraria from the National Board of Medical Examiners, Up-to-Date, and the Infectious Diseases Board Review Course. Dr Y.M. Wi has nothing to disclose. This publication was supported by the National Institutes of Health under award numbers R01 AR056647 , R01 AI091594 , and R21 AI125870 . The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 Elsevier Inc.",
year = "2018",
month = dec,
doi = "10.1016/j.idc.2018.06.009",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "32",
pages = "915--929",
journal = "Infectious Disease Clinics of North America",
issn = "0891-5520",
publisher = "W.B. Saunders Ltd",
number = "4",
}