Tumor Seeding after Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: Literature Review and Experience from a Single Institution

PURPOSE: Seeding of tumor cells is a rare complication of minimally invasive surgery. We reviewed and improved current knowledge of prostate cancer seeding. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature review was performed using MEDLINE®, Embase® and the Cochrane Library, including cases of peritoneal and port site seeding reported after minimally invasive prostatectomy. In addition, after institutionally approved chart review a descriptive summary of a single institution experience on the topic is provided. RESULTS: The data from 9 reported cases of port site metastases from prostate cancer in the world literature are summarized along with 3 additional cases from our experience. Similarly, 5 cases of peritoneal seeding are reviewed from the literature with the addition of 3 more cases from our institution. Good long-term outcomes are achievable with multimodality and individualized regimens, including seeding directed treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Although no definitive recommendation can be made for treatment strategies for these patients, there is a need for awareness and further discussion of this atypical presentation.