The Use of Viral Vectors to Enhance Cognition

Recovering cognitive function of human by viral gene therapy sounds futuristic, and still regarded within the entity of basic research. Gene therapy is conceptually simple: genes of interest will be delivered into the specific region of brains to protect neurons, enhance neural regeneration, and promote cognitive function. There are many promising results from basic research. Among all viral vectors, adeno-associated virus (AAV) is the most widely used vector for basic research and clinical trials focused on neurodegenerative disorders. AAV is promising for use as a vector for the central nervous system gene therapy because it can infect dividing and nondividing cells after a single delivery without causing pathogenicity, immune reactions, or toxicity, leading to long-term transgene expression without significant complications. This chapter discusses the background of AAV vector system, successful transgene candidates for enhancing neurogenesis and hippocampal functions, and its application to cognitive enhancement.