The ringed esophagus

The ringed esophagus is an uncommon and fascinating entity usually defined by the finding of multiple ring-like structures at endoscopy or barium esophagography. Because this concept is strictly morphologic, whether there are single or multiple pathophysiologies and how to define the disease precisely are still unknown. Are rings in the lower esophagus the same as those found proximally? Do single rings share a similar etiology with multiple rings? Answers to these questions are of paramount importance in formulating a treatment plan, not only for initial disruption of the rings, but also for prevention of recurrence.