TY - JOUR
T1 - The potential role of optical biopsy in the study and diagnosis of environmental enteric dysfunction
AU - Thompson, Alex J.
AU - Hughes, Michael
AU - Anastasova, Salzitsa
AU - Conklin, Laurie S.
AU - Thomas, Tudor
AU - Leggett, Cadman
AU - Faubion, William A.
AU - Miller, Thomas J.
AU - Delaney, Peter
AU - Lacombe, François
AU - Loiseau, Sacha
AU - Meining, Alexander
AU - Richards-Kortum, Rebecca
AU - Tearney, Guillermo J.
AU - Kelly, Paul
AU - Yang, Guang Zhong
N1 - Funding Information:
This Consensus Statement arose from a horizon scan project funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to investigate potential applications of optical biopsy in tackling gut disease in developing countries. The horizon scan was undertaken at Imperial College London, UK, and most of the co-authors were invited to join the project
Funding Information:
The authors acknowledge funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation under the Virtual Biopsy of the Gut project (Opportunity ID: OPP1127324) and from the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (Smart Sensing for Surgery, EP/L014149/1).
Funding Information:
Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts, USA, has a licensing arrangement with NinePoint Medical, and G.J.T. has the rights to receive royalties from this licensing arrangement. G.J.T. consults for NinePoint Medical. G.J.T. receives industry sponsored research funding from Ardea Biosciences, Canon, DL Biotech and iLumen Medical. T.J.M. is Chairman of the Board of NinePoint Medical and is compensated in stock for this activity. F.L. and S.L. are employed by and own stock in Mauna Kea Technologies. P.D. is employed by and owns stock in Optiscan Imaging. T.T. is employed by Olympus UK, a manufacturer of standard and capsule endoscopes for medical applications.
PY - 2017/12/1
Y1 - 2017/12/1
N2 - Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is a disease of the small intestine affecting children and adults in low and middle income countries. Arising as a consequence of repeated infections, gut inflammation results in impaired intestinal absorptive and barrier function, leading-to poor nutrient uptake and ultimately to stunting and other developmental limitations. Progress-towards new biomarkers and interventions for EED is hampered by the practical and'ethical difficulties of cross-validation with the gold standard of biopsy and histology. Optical'biopsy techniques ' which can provide minimally invasive or noninvasive alternatives to'biopsy' could offer other routes to validation and could potentially be used as point?of?care tests among the general population. This Consensus Statement identifies and reviews the most promising candidate optical biopsy technologies for applications in EED, critically assesses them against criteria identified for successful deployment in developing world settings, and proposes further lines of enquiry. Importantly, many of the techniques discussed could also be adapted to monitor the impaired intestinal barrier in other settings such as IBD, autoimmune enteropathies, coeliac disease, graft-versus-host disease, small intestinal transplantation or critical care.
AB - Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is a disease of the small intestine affecting children and adults in low and middle income countries. Arising as a consequence of repeated infections, gut inflammation results in impaired intestinal absorptive and barrier function, leading-to poor nutrient uptake and ultimately to stunting and other developmental limitations. Progress-towards new biomarkers and interventions for EED is hampered by the practical and'ethical difficulties of cross-validation with the gold standard of biopsy and histology. Optical'biopsy techniques ' which can provide minimally invasive or noninvasive alternatives to'biopsy' could offer other routes to validation and could potentially be used as point?of?care tests among the general population. This Consensus Statement identifies and reviews the most promising candidate optical biopsy technologies for applications in EED, critically assesses them against criteria identified for successful deployment in developing world settings, and proposes further lines of enquiry. Importantly, many of the techniques discussed could also be adapted to monitor the impaired intestinal barrier in other settings such as IBD, autoimmune enteropathies, coeliac disease, graft-versus-host disease, small intestinal transplantation or critical care.
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U2 - 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.147
DO - 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.147
M3 - Review article
C2 - 29139480
AN - SCOPUS:85035319512
VL - 14
SP - 727
EP - 738
JO - Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology
JF - Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology
SN - 1759-5045
IS - 12
ER -