The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence-Smokeless Tobacco (FTND-ST)

Jon O. Ebbert; Christi A. Patten; Darrell R. Schroeder

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.12.015

The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence-Smokeless Tobacco (FTND-ST)

Jon O. Ebbert, Christi A. Patten, Darrell R. Schroeder

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

109 Scopus citations

Abstract

Few nicotine dependence measures have been developed for smokeless tobacco (ST) users. Existing measures are limited by the requirement to rate the nicotine content of ST brands for which data is scarce or non-existent. We modified the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) for ST users, referred to this scale as the FTND-ST, and evaluated its characteristics in a population of 42 ST users. The correlation between the FTND-ST total score and the serum cotinine concentrations was 0.53 (p < 0.001). Internal consistency reliability assessed using the coefficient alpha was 0.47. Correlations and the coefficient alpha are similar to those reported for commonly used nicotine dependence measures. Development and refinement of nicotine dependence measures for ST users are essential steps in order to advance the field of ST research.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1716-1721
Number of pages	6
Journal	Addictive Behaviors
Volume	31
Issue number	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.12.015
State	Published - Sep 2006

Keywords

Dependence measure
Nicotine
Smokeless tobacco
Tobacco alkaloid
Tobacco use disorder

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Medicine (miscellaneous)
Clinical Psychology
Toxicology
Psychiatry and Mental health

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10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.12.015

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title = "The Fagerstr{\"o}m Test for Nicotine Dependence-Smokeless Tobacco (FTND-ST)",

abstract = "Few nicotine dependence measures have been developed for smokeless tobacco (ST) users. Existing measures are limited by the requirement to rate the nicotine content of ST brands for which data is scarce or non-existent. We modified the Fagerstr{\"o}m Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) for ST users, referred to this scale as the FTND-ST, and evaluated its characteristics in a population of 42 ST users. The correlation between the FTND-ST total score and the serum cotinine concentrations was 0.53 (p < 0.001). Internal consistency reliability assessed using the coefficient alpha was 0.47. Correlations and the coefficient alpha are similar to those reported for commonly used nicotine dependence measures. Development and refinement of nicotine dependence measures for ST users are essential steps in order to advance the field of ST research.",

keywords = "Dependence measure, Nicotine, Smokeless tobacco, Tobacco alkaloid, Tobacco use disorder",

author = "Ebbert, {Jon O.} and Patten, {Christi A.} and Schroeder, {Darrell R.}",

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AU - Ebbert, Jon O.

AU - Patten, Christi A.

AU - Schroeder, Darrell R.

N1 - Funding Information: This project and manuscript was supported by the National Cancer Institute R01 CA96881 (J.O.E).

PY - 2006/9

Y1 - 2006/9

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AB - Few nicotine dependence measures have been developed for smokeless tobacco (ST) users. Existing measures are limited by the requirement to rate the nicotine content of ST brands for which data is scarce or non-existent. We modified the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) for ST users, referred to this scale as the FTND-ST, and evaluated its characteristics in a population of 42 ST users. The correlation between the FTND-ST total score and the serum cotinine concentrations was 0.53 (p < 0.001). Internal consistency reliability assessed using the coefficient alpha was 0.47. Correlations and the coefficient alpha are similar to those reported for commonly used nicotine dependence measures. Development and refinement of nicotine dependence measures for ST users are essential steps in order to advance the field of ST research.

KW - Dependence measure

KW - Nicotine

KW - Smokeless tobacco

KW - Tobacco alkaloid

KW - Tobacco use disorder

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The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence-Smokeless Tobacco (FTND-ST)

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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