Tension pneumocranium, a rare complication of transsphenoidal pituitary surgery: Mayo Clinic experience 1976-1998

Anna M. Sawka, Jaroslaw P. Aniszewski, William F. Young, Todd B. Nippoldt, Paulino Yanez, Michael J. Ebersold

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

50 Scopus citations

Abstract

We describe four cases of symptomatic pneumocranium, a rare, potentially life-threatening complication of transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. Symptomatic pneumocranium manifested as impaired mental status, headaches, and grand real seizures, early in the postoperative course after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. Furthermore, a Cushing response, including systemic hypertension and bradycardia (secondary to intracranial hypertension) was seen, which has not been previously described in association with symptomatic pneumocranium. We describe a previously unreported risk factor for tension pneumocranium, untreated obstructive sleep apnea. Other factors predisposing to tension pneumocranium in our patients included: cerebrospinal fluid leaks, post-operative positive-pressure mask ventilation, large pituitary tumors, and intraoperative lumbar drainage catheters. Surgical drainage of the pneumocranium and repair of any coexistent cerebrospinal fluid leak markedly improved neurologic status. Symptomatic pneumocranium occurring early in the postoperative course after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery is rare, but prompt recognition and treatment of this condition can be life-saving.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)4731-4734
Number of pages4
JournalJournal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
Volume84
Issue number12
DOIs
StatePublished - 1999

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
  • Biochemistry
  • Endocrinology
  • Clinical Biochemistry
  • Biochemistry, medical

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