Technology Issues: Continuous Glucose Monitoring, Insulin Pumps, and Closed Loop Control for Patients with Diabetes

The best current treatment for patients with type 1 diabetes and severe insulin deficiency is a closed loop glucose insulin control (CLC) system. Glucose variability occurs due to severe deficiency in insulin secretion and the difficulty of replacing insulin without frequent glucose measurements that enable prompt change in insulin delivery. International committees have developed consensus about managing diabetes to achieve maximal time in target (TIR) on continuous glucose monitors (CGM). CGM allows for real-time assessment of glucose concentrations and trends by measuring interstitial glucose concentrations. The impact of CGM on diabetes management has been observed in both type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes and in select populations with diabetes. The optimal current treatment for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and severe insulin deficiency is a CLC system. Patients without CGM or insulin pump prior to study experienced the greatest improvement in TIR.