@article{2784d5f40ebf4a3f9719f8a9a8ebd689,
title = "System for analyzing high-resolution three-dimensional coronary angiograms",
abstract = "Three-dimensional (3-D) high-resolution coronary angiograms offer a means for visualizing the entire coronary arterial tree from any orientation and for detecting and quantitating coronary arterial stenoses. Previously, a skilled operator had to perform several hours of tedious manual analysis using an interactive graphical user-interface (GUI) system (Treu Trace) to analyze a 3-D angiogram. We have devised an improved GUI system, consisting of three tools for analyzing 3-D angiograms. The Artery Extractor first performs automatic image-analysis operations to extract the central axes of the arterial tree. Next, using the Artery Display tool and results from the Artery Extractor, the operator can visualize structures in the angiogram and compute various measurements. Finally, the aforementioned Tree Trace tool can be used to manually correct irregularities in the automatically generated results of the Artery Extractor. The system greatly reduces operator analysis time, gives exactly reproducible results, uses true 3-D image-processing operations, and provides a comprehensive interface for visualizing and quantifying features of the 3-D coronary arteries.",
author = "Higgins, {William E.} and Spyra, {Wolfgang J.T.} and Karwoski, {Ronald A.} and Ritman, {Erik L.}",
note = "Funding Information: With a single-scan sequence during a nonselective injection of a bolus of contrast medium, the fast X-ray CT scanner known as the dynamic spatial reconstructor (DSR) can generate high-resolution 3-D coronary angiograms 151-[7]. A 3-D coronary angiogram, or 3- D angiogram for short, does not suffer from the problems caused by projection of the 3-D anatomy onto one 2-D planar image as in conventional 2-D angiography [l], nor does it suffer from the potential structural errors that can occur in 3-D images reconstructed from biplane angiography 131, [4]. A high-resolution 3-D angiogram Manuscript received December 23, 1993; revised March 8, 1996. This work was supported in part by the NIH under Research Grants CA-53607, HL- 17269-K, and HL-04664; by the NSF under Grant BIR.-9317816; and by the Whitaker Foundation. The Associate Editor responsible for coordinating the review of this paper and recommending its publication was N. Ayache. Asterisk indicates corresponding author. *W. E. Higgins is with the Departments of Electrical ]Engineering, Computer Science and Engineering, and the Bioengineering Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-2705 USA (e-mail: weh@ruth.ece.psu.edu). W. J. T. Spyra is with the Depanment of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. R. A. Karwoski and E. L. Ritman are with the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mayo Medical School, Rochester, MN 55901 USA. Publisher ltem Identifier S 0278-0062(96)04416-3.",
year = "1996",
doi = "10.1109/42.500146",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "15",
pages = "377--385",
journal = "IEEE transactions on medical imaging",
issn = "0278-0062",
publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",
number = "3",
}