Symptomatic lower extremity vasculitis in giant cell arteritis: A case series

Tanaz A. Kermani, Eric L. Matteson, Gene G. Hunder, Kenneth J. Warrington

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

54 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objective. To describe the clinical features and outcomes of 19 patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) and symptomatic lower extremity (LE) vasculitis. Methods. We reviewed medical records of all patients diagnosed with GCA and symptomatic LE involvement between January 1, 1983, and June 30, 2007, for clinical features, laboratory and radiographic findings, and outcomes. Results. From 6212 people evaluated for GCA at our institution between 1983 and 2007, we identified 19 cases of GCA with LE vasculitis, all women. Mean age at GCA diagnosis was 70 years (± standard deviation 7.99). Sixteen patients (84.2%) had LE symptoms preceding the diagnosis of GCA, median interval 3 months (range 1-48). Three patients (15.8%) had GCA prior to developing LE claudication, median interval 16 months (range 9-34). Cranial symptoms were absent in 42.1%. No patient had permanent visual loss. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was elevated in 16 patients (84.2%), with median ESR 42.5 mm/h (range 8-103). Imaging studies revealed stenotic, occlusive, or aneurysmal disease that was frequently bilateral and consistent with vasculitis. The superficial femoral arteries were most commonly affected. Five patients (26.3%) had upper extremity involvement. Hypertension was the most common cardiovascular risk factor. All patients received glucocorticoid therapy, with clinical improvement in 15 patients (79%). Median length of followup was 41 months (range 11-180 mo). Five patients (26.3%) underwent LE revascularization surgery. Two patients required LE amputation and 1 patient underwent toe amputation. Five patients received additional immunosuppressive therapy. Conclusion. Symptomatic LE vasculitis from GCA is rare. Patients typically present with rapidly progressive LE claudication and elevated inflammatory markers, while cranial symptoms may be absent. GCA with LE involvement is associated with significant morbidity; prompt diagnosis and treatment is essential. The Journal of Rheumatology

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)2277-2283
Number of pages7
JournalJournal of Rheumatology
Volume36
Issue number10
DOIs
StatePublished - Oct 2009

Keywords

  • Giant cell arteritis
  • Intermittent claudication
  • Peripheral vascular disease
  • Vasculitis

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology and Allergy
  • Immunology

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