Surgical trends of groin hernia repairs performed for recurrence in medicare patients

Background: The recurrence rate after groin hernia repair (GHR) has been estimated to be between 1–10% in adult patients. Neither national rates nor trends in recurrence over time have been reliably established for Medicare patients in the USA. Materials: We evaluated patients undergoing GHR (inguinal = IHR; femoral = FHR) from 2011 to 2014 from the Medicare Provider Analysis and Review database. Patients were identified using ICD-9 diagnosis and ICD-9 and CPT procedure codes, stratified both by primary vs. recurrent hernia repair and by sex. One-tailed Cochran–Armitage tests evaluated trends over time and a generalized estimating equation model estimated factors associated with recurrent IHR or FHR. Results: We identified 407,717 patients (87.0%, ≥ 65 years) who underwent an IHR and 11,578 (91.0%, ≥ 65 years) who underwent a FHR. The proportion of IHRs for recurrence decreased statistically from 14.3% in 2011 to 13.9% in 2014 (p < 0.01) in males and was increased, but not statistically so (7.0–7.4%) in females (p = 0.08). The proportion of FHRs for recurrence was decreased, but not statistically so (16.3–14.8%, p = 0.29) in males and increased in females (5.3–6.3%, p = 0.02). On multivariable analysis, males were more than twice as likely as females to undergo recurrent repair (IHR or FHR, both p < 0.01). Conclusions: Within the Medicare population, recurrence rates after groin hernia repairs were found to be higher than previously reported but have remained clinically stable over time. Establishing and reducing this rate is important for patient outcomes and expectations.