@inproceedings{9c9014b56f88444095597955d82443f4,
title = "Stresscam: Non-contact measurement of users' emotional states through thermal imaging",
abstract = "We present a novel methodology for monitoring the affective states of computer users. The method is based on thermal imaging of the face. To the user, the imaging system appears much like a video-conferencing camera. The method does not require contact with the subject and is passive; therefore, monitoring can be continuous and transparent to the computer user. We have found that user stress is correlated with increased blood flow in the frontal vessel of the forehead. This increased blood flow dissipates convective heat, which can be monitored through thermal imaging. The system has been evaluated on 12 subjects, and compared against real-time measurements of Energy Expenditure (EE). The new method is highly correlated with the established, but awkward EE methodology. The StressCam methodology is applicable to many instances where the real time measurement of users' emotional state is needed.",
keywords = "Human-Computer Interaction, Thermal imaging, User frustration",
author = "Colin Puri and Leslie Olson and Ioannis Pavlidis and James Levine and Justin Starren",
year = "2005",
doi = "10.1145/1056808.1057007",
language = "English (US)",
isbn = "1595930027",
series = "Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings",
pages = "1725--1728",
booktitle = "CHI'05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA'05",
note = "Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA 2005 ; Conference date: 02-04-2005 Through 07-04-2005",
}