TY - JOUR
T1 - Spectrum of CT Findings in Nonmalignant Disease of the Adrenal Gland
AU - Kawashima, Akira
AU - Sandler, Carl M.
AU - Fishman, Elliot K.
AU - Charnsangavej, Chusilp
AU - Yasumori, Kotaro
AU - Honda, Hiroshi
AU - Ernst, Randy D.
AU - Takahashi, Naoki
AU - Raval, Bharat K.
AU - Masuda, Kouji
AU - Goldman, Stanford M.
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 1998
Y1 - 1998
N2 - Computed tomography (CT) plays a leading role in the evaluation of nonmalignant disease of the adrenal gland. CT is highly accurate in the localization of adrenal masses in patients with diseases associated with hyperfunctioning adrenal glands such as Cushing syndrome and Cushing disease, Conn syndrome, adrenal tumors leading to virilization or feminization, and pheochromocytomas. CT permits a specific diagnosis of acute or subacute adrenal hematoma and myelolipoma. Hematomas are round to oval and have increased attenuation (50-90 HU) that decreases on follow-up CT scans. Myelolipomas typically manifest as a well-defined suprarenal mass with an attenuation of -30 to -115 HU. Adrenal cysts are usually round to oval and manifest as a hypoattenuating mass with a smooth, thin wall. CT is useful in the evaluation of patients with Addison disease, particularly the subacute form secondary to tuberculosis or disseminated histoplasmosis. Findings typically include bilateral adrenal enlargement with a central necrotic area of hypoattenuation and peripheral enhancement. Thin-section unenhanced CT permits accurate measurement of attenuation and can be used to differentiate adrenal adenoma from metastasis in a cancer patient with an indeterminate mass: Attenuation of 10 HU or less usually indicates adenoma rather than cancer. If the mass is found incidentally at contrast material-enhanced CT, delayed scans obtained as early as 5-15 minutes after intravenous administration of contrast material appear to have comparable accuracy.
AB - Computed tomography (CT) plays a leading role in the evaluation of nonmalignant disease of the adrenal gland. CT is highly accurate in the localization of adrenal masses in patients with diseases associated with hyperfunctioning adrenal glands such as Cushing syndrome and Cushing disease, Conn syndrome, adrenal tumors leading to virilization or feminization, and pheochromocytomas. CT permits a specific diagnosis of acute or subacute adrenal hematoma and myelolipoma. Hematomas are round to oval and have increased attenuation (50-90 HU) that decreases on follow-up CT scans. Myelolipomas typically manifest as a well-defined suprarenal mass with an attenuation of -30 to -115 HU. Adrenal cysts are usually round to oval and manifest as a hypoattenuating mass with a smooth, thin wall. CT is useful in the evaluation of patients with Addison disease, particularly the subacute form secondary to tuberculosis or disseminated histoplasmosis. Findings typically include bilateral adrenal enlargement with a central necrotic area of hypoattenuation and peripheral enhancement. Thin-section unenhanced CT permits accurate measurement of attenuation and can be used to differentiate adrenal adenoma from metastasis in a cancer patient with an indeterminate mass: Attenuation of 10 HU or less usually indicates adenoma rather than cancer. If the mass is found incidentally at contrast material-enhanced CT, delayed scans obtained as early as 5-15 minutes after intravenous administration of contrast material appear to have comparable accuracy.
KW - Adrenal gland, CT, 86.1211
KW - Adrenal gland, cysts, 86.31
KW - Adrenal gland, diseases, 86.2053, 86.23, 86.54
KW - Adrenal gland, hemorrhage, 86.546
KW - Adrenal gland, neoplasms, 86.31, 86.328
KW - Pheochromocytoma, 86.328
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U2 - 10.1148/radiographics.18.2.9536486
DO - 10.1148/radiographics.18.2.9536486
M3 - Article
C2 - 9536486
AN - SCOPUS:0032013844
SN - 0271-5333
VL - 18
SP - 393
EP - 412
JO - Radiographics
JF - Radiographics
IS - 2
ER -