TY - JOUR
T1 - Specific Proteolytic Cleavage of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase
T2 - An Early Marker of Chemotherapy-induced Apoptosis
AU - Kaufmann, Scott H.
AU - Desnoyers, Serge
AU - Ottaviano, Yvonne
AU - Davidson, Nancy E.
AU - Poirier, Guy G.
PY - 1993/9
Y1 - 1993/9
N2 - Apoptosis is a morphologically and biochemically distinct form of cell death that occurs under a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. In the present study, the proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (pADPRp) during the course of chemotherapy-induced apoptosis was examined. Treatment of HL-60 human leukemia cells with the topoisomerase II-directed anticancer agent etoposide resulted in morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis. Endonucleolytic degradation of DNA to generate nucleosomal fragments occurred simultaneously. Western blotting with epitope-specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies revealed that these characteristic apoptotic changes were accompanied by early, quantitative cleavage of the Mr 116,000 pADPRp polypeptide to an Mr ~25,000 fragment containing the amino-terminal DNA-binding domain of pADPRp and an Mr ~85,000 fragment containing the automod-ification and catalytic domains. Activity blotting revealed that the Mr ~85,000 fragment retained basal pADPRp activity but was not activated by exogenous nicked DNA. Similar cleavage of pADPRp was observed after exposure of HL-60 cells to a variety of chemotherapeutic agents including cis-diaminedichloroplatinum(II), colcemid, 1-β-D-arabinofura-nosylcytosine, and methotrexate; to γ-irradiation; or to the protein synthesis inhibitors puromycin or cycloheximide. Similar changes were observed in MDA-MB-468 human breast cancer cells treated with trifluorothymidine or 5-fluoro-2’-deoxyuridine and in γ-irradiated or glu-cocorticoid-treated rat thymocytes undergoing apoptosis. Treatment with several compounds (tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone, tosyl-L-phenylala-nine chloromethyl ketone, JV-ethylmaleimide, iodoacetamide) prevented both the proteolytic cleavage of pADPRp and the internucleosomal fragmentation of DNA The results suggest that proteolytic cleavage of pADPRp, in addition to being an early marker of chemotherapy-induced apoptosis, might reflect more widespread proteolysis that is a critical biochemical event early during the process of physiological cell death.
AB - Apoptosis is a morphologically and biochemically distinct form of cell death that occurs under a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. In the present study, the proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (pADPRp) during the course of chemotherapy-induced apoptosis was examined. Treatment of HL-60 human leukemia cells with the topoisomerase II-directed anticancer agent etoposide resulted in morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis. Endonucleolytic degradation of DNA to generate nucleosomal fragments occurred simultaneously. Western blotting with epitope-specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies revealed that these characteristic apoptotic changes were accompanied by early, quantitative cleavage of the Mr 116,000 pADPRp polypeptide to an Mr ~25,000 fragment containing the amino-terminal DNA-binding domain of pADPRp and an Mr ~85,000 fragment containing the automod-ification and catalytic domains. Activity blotting revealed that the Mr ~85,000 fragment retained basal pADPRp activity but was not activated by exogenous nicked DNA. Similar cleavage of pADPRp was observed after exposure of HL-60 cells to a variety of chemotherapeutic agents including cis-diaminedichloroplatinum(II), colcemid, 1-β-D-arabinofura-nosylcytosine, and methotrexate; to γ-irradiation; or to the protein synthesis inhibitors puromycin or cycloheximide. Similar changes were observed in MDA-MB-468 human breast cancer cells treated with trifluorothymidine or 5-fluoro-2’-deoxyuridine and in γ-irradiated or glu-cocorticoid-treated rat thymocytes undergoing apoptosis. Treatment with several compounds (tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone, tosyl-L-phenylala-nine chloromethyl ketone, JV-ethylmaleimide, iodoacetamide) prevented both the proteolytic cleavage of pADPRp and the internucleosomal fragmentation of DNA The results suggest that proteolytic cleavage of pADPRp, in addition to being an early marker of chemotherapy-induced apoptosis, might reflect more widespread proteolysis that is a critical biochemical event early during the process of physiological cell death.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0027255417&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0027255417&partnerID=8YFLogxK
M3 - Article
C2 - 8358726
AN - SCOPUS:0027255417
SN - 0008-5472
VL - 53
SP - 3976
EP - 3985
JO - Cancer research
JF - Cancer research
IS - 17
ER -