Space occupying lesions in the presence of congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Introduction Previous reports describe lung malformations and other chest lesions in association with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), yet little is known how these lesions affect outcomes. We sought to evaluate the incidence and outcomes of patients diagnosed with chest lesions in association with CDH. Methods The charts of all infants treated for CDH in a single tertiary center from January 2004 to January 2015 were reviewed. The outcomes of those with space occupying lesions (SOLs) in association with CDH were compared to those with isolated CDH. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and Fisher's exact for categorical variables. Results Of the 214 infants treated, 20 had an associated SOL (4 had > 1 lesion). SOLs were confirmed by pathological examination and included: bronchopulmonary sequestration (n = 10; 4.7%), ectopic liver (n = 9; 4.2%), foregut duplication cyst (n = 2; 1%), and other lesions (n = 3; 1.4%). No statistical difference was noted in the long-term outcomes of patients with SOL in comparison to those with isolated CDH. Conclusion SOLs are not uncommon in neonates with CDH. Despite theoretical concerns, there is no evidence that SOLs are associated with worse outcomes, a finding which is helpful during prenatal counseling of families.