TY - JOUR
T1 - Sleep apnea, hypertension and the sympathetic nervous system in the adult population
AU - Venkataraman, Shreyas
AU - Vungarala, Soumya
AU - Covassin, Naima
AU - Somers, Virend K.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2020/2
Y1 - 2020/2
N2 - Sleep apnea is very common in patients with cardiovascular disease, especially in patients with hypertension. Over the last few decades a number of discoveries have helped support a causal relationship between the two and even resistant hypertension. The role neurogenic mechanisms play has gathered more attention in the recent past due to their immediate bedside utility. Several innovative discoveries in pathogenesis including those exploring the role of baroreflex gain, cardiovascular variability, chemoreceptor reflex activation and the sympathetic nervous system have emerged. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology of sleep apnea and hypertension and the pathogenic mechanisms contributing to neurogenic hypertension. Furthermore, recent management strategies in addition to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), such as upper airway stimulation and renal denervation that target these pathogenic mechanisms, are also discussed.
AB - Sleep apnea is very common in patients with cardiovascular disease, especially in patients with hypertension. Over the last few decades a number of discoveries have helped support a causal relationship between the two and even resistant hypertension. The role neurogenic mechanisms play has gathered more attention in the recent past due to their immediate bedside utility. Several innovative discoveries in pathogenesis including those exploring the role of baroreflex gain, cardiovascular variability, chemoreceptor reflex activation and the sympathetic nervous system have emerged. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology of sleep apnea and hypertension and the pathogenic mechanisms contributing to neurogenic hypertension. Furthermore, recent management strategies in addition to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), such as upper airway stimulation and renal denervation that target these pathogenic mechanisms, are also discussed.
KW - Hypertension
KW - Neurogenic
KW - Obstructive sleep apnea
KW - Resistant hypertension
KW - Sleep apnea
KW - Sympathetic nervous system
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U2 - 10.3390/jcm9020591
DO - 10.3390/jcm9020591
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85093937738
SN - 2077-0383
VL - 9
JO - Journal of Clinical Medicine
JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine
IS - 2
M1 - 591
ER -