TY - JOUR
T1 - Sex differences in oxidative stress and the impact on blood pressure control and cardiovascular disease
AU - Sartori-Valinotti, Julio C.
AU - Iliescu, Radu
AU - Fortepiani, Lourdes A.
AU - Yanes, Licy L.
AU - Reckelhoff, Jane F.
PY - 2007/9
Y1 - 2007/9
N2 - 1. In the present review, we addressed studies in humans and rats to determine the role that oxidative stress may play in mediating cardiovascular outcomes. 2. Biochemical evaluation of oxidative stress in both humans and spontaneously hypertensive rats gives equivocal results as to the relative levels in males versus females. Clinical trials with anti-oxidants in humans have not shown consistent results in protecting against detrimental cardiovascular outcomes. In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), blockade studies using tempol or apocynin reduce renal oxidative stress and blood pressure in male SHR, but not in female rats. In addition, increasing oxidative stress with molsidomine increases blood pressure in male, but not female, SHR. Treatment with vitamins E and C reduces blood pressure in young male, but not aged, animals. Furthermore tempol is unable to reduce blood pressure in young male SHR in the absence of a functional nitric oxide system. 3. Neither human nor animal studies are consistent in terms of whether oxidative stress levels are higher in males or females. Furthermore, anti-oxidant therapy in humans often does not ameliorate, or even attenuate, the negative cardiovascular consequences of increased oxidative stress. Our studies in SHR shed light on why these outcomes occur.
AB - 1. In the present review, we addressed studies in humans and rats to determine the role that oxidative stress may play in mediating cardiovascular outcomes. 2. Biochemical evaluation of oxidative stress in both humans and spontaneously hypertensive rats gives equivocal results as to the relative levels in males versus females. Clinical trials with anti-oxidants in humans have not shown consistent results in protecting against detrimental cardiovascular outcomes. In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), blockade studies using tempol or apocynin reduce renal oxidative stress and blood pressure in male SHR, but not in female rats. In addition, increasing oxidative stress with molsidomine increases blood pressure in male, but not female, SHR. Treatment with vitamins E and C reduces blood pressure in young male, but not aged, animals. Furthermore tempol is unable to reduce blood pressure in young male SHR in the absence of a functional nitric oxide system. 3. Neither human nor animal studies are consistent in terms of whether oxidative stress levels are higher in males or females. Furthermore, anti-oxidant therapy in humans often does not ameliorate, or even attenuate, the negative cardiovascular consequences of increased oxidative stress. Our studies in SHR shed light on why these outcomes occur.
KW - Aopcynin
KW - F2-isoprostanes
KW - Kidney
KW - Molsidomine
KW - Superoxide
KW - Tempol
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=34447528957&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=34447528957&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04643.x
DO - 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04643.x
M3 - Review article
C2 - 17645644
AN - SCOPUS:34447528957
SN - 0305-1870
VL - 34
SP - 938
EP - 945
JO - Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology
JF - Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology
IS - 9
ER -