TY - JOUR
T1 - Sex Differences in Outcomes Following Left Atrial Appendage Closure
AU - Sanjoy, Shubrandu S.
AU - Choi, Yun Hee
AU - Sparrow, Robert T.
AU - Baron, Suzanne J.
AU - Abbott, J. Dawn
AU - Azzalini, Lorenzo
AU - Holmes, David R.
AU - Alraies, M. Chadi
AU - Tzemos, Nikolaos
AU - Ayan, Diana
AU - Mamas, Mamas A.
AU - Bagur, Rodrigo
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research
PY - 2021/7
Y1 - 2021/7
N2 - Objective: To evaluate the effects of female sex on in-hospital outcomes and to provide estimates for sex-specific prediction models of adverse outcomes following left atrial appendage closure (LAAC). Patients and Methods: Cohort-based observational study querying the National Inpatient Sample database between October 1, 2015, and December 31, 2017. Demographics, baseline characteristics, and comorbidities were assessed with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Elixhauser Comorbidity Index score (ECS), and CHA2DS2-VASc score. The primary outcome was in-hospital major adverse events (MAEs) defined as the composite of bleeding, vascular, cardiac complications, post-procedural stroke, and acute kidney injury. The associations of the CCI, ECS, and CHA2DS2-VASc score with in-hospital MAE were examined using logistic regression models for women and men, respectively. Results: A total of 3294 hospitalizations were identified, of which 1313 (40%) involved women and 1981 (60%) involved men. Women were older (76.3±7.7 vs 75.2±8.4 years, P<.001), had a higher CHA2DS2-VASc score (4.9±1.4 vs 3.9±1.4, P<.001) but showed lower CCI and ECS compared with men (2.1±1.9 vs 2.3±1.9, P=.01; and 9.3±5.9 vs 9.9±5.7, P=.002, respectively). The primary composite outcome occurred in 4.6% of patients and was higher in women compared with men (women 5.6% vs men 4.0%, P=.04), and this was mainly driven by the occurrence of cardiac complications (2.4% vs 1.2%, P=.01). In women, older age, higher median income, and higher CCI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21 to 1.44; P<.001), ECS (aOR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.07; P=.002), and CHA2DS2-VASc score (aOR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.39; P<.001) were associated with increased risk of in-hospital MAE. In men, non-White race/ethnicity, lower median income, and higher ECS (aOR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.09; P<.001) were associated with increased risk of in-hospital MAE. Conclusion: Women had higher rates of in-hospital adverse events following LAAC than men did. Women with older age and higher median income, CCI, ECS, and CHA2DS2-VASc scores were associated with in-hospital adverse events, whereas men with non-White race/ethnicity, lower median income, and higher ECS were more likely to experience adverse events. Further research is warranted to identify sex-specific, racial/ethnic, and socioeconomic pathways during the patient selection process to minimize complications in patients undergoing LAAC.
AB - Objective: To evaluate the effects of female sex on in-hospital outcomes and to provide estimates for sex-specific prediction models of adverse outcomes following left atrial appendage closure (LAAC). Patients and Methods: Cohort-based observational study querying the National Inpatient Sample database between October 1, 2015, and December 31, 2017. Demographics, baseline characteristics, and comorbidities were assessed with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Elixhauser Comorbidity Index score (ECS), and CHA2DS2-VASc score. The primary outcome was in-hospital major adverse events (MAEs) defined as the composite of bleeding, vascular, cardiac complications, post-procedural stroke, and acute kidney injury. The associations of the CCI, ECS, and CHA2DS2-VASc score with in-hospital MAE were examined using logistic regression models for women and men, respectively. Results: A total of 3294 hospitalizations were identified, of which 1313 (40%) involved women and 1981 (60%) involved men. Women were older (76.3±7.7 vs 75.2±8.4 years, P<.001), had a higher CHA2DS2-VASc score (4.9±1.4 vs 3.9±1.4, P<.001) but showed lower CCI and ECS compared with men (2.1±1.9 vs 2.3±1.9, P=.01; and 9.3±5.9 vs 9.9±5.7, P=.002, respectively). The primary composite outcome occurred in 4.6% of patients and was higher in women compared with men (women 5.6% vs men 4.0%, P=.04), and this was mainly driven by the occurrence of cardiac complications (2.4% vs 1.2%, P=.01). In women, older age, higher median income, and higher CCI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21 to 1.44; P<.001), ECS (aOR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.07; P=.002), and CHA2DS2-VASc score (aOR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.39; P<.001) were associated with increased risk of in-hospital MAE. In men, non-White race/ethnicity, lower median income, and higher ECS (aOR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.09; P<.001) were associated with increased risk of in-hospital MAE. Conclusion: Women had higher rates of in-hospital adverse events following LAAC than men did. Women with older age and higher median income, CCI, ECS, and CHA2DS2-VASc scores were associated with in-hospital adverse events, whereas men with non-White race/ethnicity, lower median income, and higher ECS were more likely to experience adverse events. Further research is warranted to identify sex-specific, racial/ethnic, and socioeconomic pathways during the patient selection process to minimize complications in patients undergoing LAAC.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.11.031
DO - 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.11.031
M3 - Article
C2 - 34218859
AN - SCOPUS:85108778164
SN - 0025-6196
VL - 96
SP - 1845
EP - 1860
JO - Mayo Clinic proceedings
JF - Mayo Clinic proceedings
IS - 7
ER -