TY - JOUR
T1 - Sex and age differences in sST2 in cardiovascular disease
AU - Beetler, Danielle J.
AU - Bruno, Katelyn A.
AU - Di Florio, Damian N.
AU - Douglass, Erika J.
AU - Shrestha, Swikriti
AU - Tschöpe, Carsten
AU - Cunningham, Madeleine W.
AU - Krejčí, Jan
AU - Bienertová-Vašků, Julie
AU - Pankuweit, Sabine
AU - McNamara, Dennis M.
AU - Jeon, Eun Seok
AU - van Linthout, Sophie
AU - Blauwet, Lori A.
AU - Cooper, Leslie T.
AU - Fairweather, De Lisa
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01 HL164520, R21 AI145356, R21 AI152318, and R21 AI154927 to DF; American Heart Association 20TPA35490415 to DF; NIH grants UL1 TR002377 to DB, DD, and DF; TL1 TR002380 to DB and DD; R21 AI163302 to KB; R01 HL135165 to MC and LC; R01 HL56267 to MC; Mayo Clinic and Samsung Medical Center Collaborative Research Grant to E-SJ, LB, and LC; German Competence Network Heart Failure, TP9, FKZ 01GI0205 to SP. Moreover, this study was funded by the grant no. NU22-02-00418 by the Ministry of Health of the Czechia.
Funding Information:
The authors would like to acknowledge the Mayo Clinic Biobank supported by the Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2023 Beetler, Bruno, Di Florio, Douglass, Shrestha, Tschöpe, Cunningham, Krejčí, Bienertová-Vašků, Pankuweit, McNamara, Jeon, van Linthout, Blauwet, Cooper and Fairweather.
PY - 2023/1/18
Y1 - 2023/1/18
N2 - Aims: The goal of this study was to determine whether sex and age differences exist for soluble ST2 (sST2) for several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Methods: We examined sST2 levels using an ELISA kit for myocarditis (n = 303), cardiomyopathy (n = 293), coronary artery disease (CAD) (n = 239), myocardial infarct (MI) (n = 159), and congestive heart failure (CHF) (n = 286) and compared them to controls that did not have CVDs (n = 234). Results: Myocarditis occurred in this study in relatively young patients around age 40 while the other CVDs occurred more often in older individuals around age 60. We observed a sex difference in sST2 by age only in myocarditis patients (men aged 38, women 46, p = 0.0002), but not for other CVDs. Sera sST2 levels were significantly elevated compared to age-matched controls for all CVDs: myocarditis (p ≤ 0.0001), cardiomyopathy (p = 0.0009), CAD (p = 0.03), MI (p = 0.034), and CHF (p < 0.0001) driven by elevated sST2 levels in females for all CVDs except myocarditis, which was elevated in both females (p = 0.002) and males (p ≤ 0.0001). Sex differences in sST2 levels were found for myocarditis and cardiomyopathy but no other CVDs and were higher in males (myocarditis p = 0.0035; cardiomyopathy p = 0.0047). sST2 levels were higher in women with myocarditis over 50 years of age compared to men (p = 0.0004) or women under 50 years of age (p = 0.015). In cardiomyopathy and MI patients, men over 50 had significantly higher levels of sST2 than women (p = 0.012 and p = 0.043, respectively) but sex and age differences were not detected in other CVDs. However, women with cardiomyopathy that experienced early menopause had higher sST2 levels than those who underwent menopause at a natural age range (p = 0.02). Conclusion: We found that sex and age differences in sera sST2 exist for myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, and MI, but were not observed in other CVDs including CAD and CHF. These initial findings in patients with self-reported CVDs indicate that more research is needed into sex and age differences in sST2 levels in individual CVDs.
AB - Aims: The goal of this study was to determine whether sex and age differences exist for soluble ST2 (sST2) for several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Methods: We examined sST2 levels using an ELISA kit for myocarditis (n = 303), cardiomyopathy (n = 293), coronary artery disease (CAD) (n = 239), myocardial infarct (MI) (n = 159), and congestive heart failure (CHF) (n = 286) and compared them to controls that did not have CVDs (n = 234). Results: Myocarditis occurred in this study in relatively young patients around age 40 while the other CVDs occurred more often in older individuals around age 60. We observed a sex difference in sST2 by age only in myocarditis patients (men aged 38, women 46, p = 0.0002), but not for other CVDs. Sera sST2 levels were significantly elevated compared to age-matched controls for all CVDs: myocarditis (p ≤ 0.0001), cardiomyopathy (p = 0.0009), CAD (p = 0.03), MI (p = 0.034), and CHF (p < 0.0001) driven by elevated sST2 levels in females for all CVDs except myocarditis, which was elevated in both females (p = 0.002) and males (p ≤ 0.0001). Sex differences in sST2 levels were found for myocarditis and cardiomyopathy but no other CVDs and were higher in males (myocarditis p = 0.0035; cardiomyopathy p = 0.0047). sST2 levels were higher in women with myocarditis over 50 years of age compared to men (p = 0.0004) or women under 50 years of age (p = 0.015). In cardiomyopathy and MI patients, men over 50 had significantly higher levels of sST2 than women (p = 0.012 and p = 0.043, respectively) but sex and age differences were not detected in other CVDs. However, women with cardiomyopathy that experienced early menopause had higher sST2 levels than those who underwent menopause at a natural age range (p = 0.02). Conclusion: We found that sex and age differences in sera sST2 exist for myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, and MI, but were not observed in other CVDs including CAD and CHF. These initial findings in patients with self-reported CVDs indicate that more research is needed into sex and age differences in sST2 levels in individual CVDs.
KW - biomarkers
KW - cardiomyopathy
KW - congestive heart failure
KW - coronary artery disease
KW - heart failure
KW - myocardial infarct
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U2 - 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1073814
DO - 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1073814
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85147296225
SN - 2297-055X
VL - 9
JO - Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
JF - Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
M1 - 1073814
ER -