Severity of illness scoring systems in the intensive care unit

Mark T. Keegan, Ognjen Gajic, Bekele Afessa

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

119 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objective: Adult intensive care unit prognostic models have been used for predicting patient outcome for three decades. The goal of this review is to describe the different versions of the main adult intensive care unit prognostic models and discuss their potential roles. Data source: PubMed search and review of the relevant medical literature. Summary: The main prognostic models for assessing the overall severity of illness in critically ill adults are Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, Simplified Acute Physiology Score, and Mortality Probability Model. Simplified Acute Physiology Score and Mortality Probability Model have been updated to their third versions and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation to its fourth version. The development of prognostic models is usually followed by internal and external validation and performance assessment. Performance is assessed by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for discrimination and Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic for calibration. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV, and Mortality Probability Model0 III were 0.85, 0.88, and 0.82, respectively, and all these three fourth-generation models had good calibration. The models have been extensively used for case-mix adjustment in clinical research and epidemiology, but their role in benchmarking, performance improvement, resource use, and clinical decision support has been less well studied. Conclusions: The fourth-generation Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV, and Mortality Probability Model0 III adult prognostic models, perform well in predicting mortality. Future studies are needed to determine their roles for benchmarking, performance improvement, resource use, and clinical decision support.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)163-169
Number of pages7
JournalCritical care medicine
Volume39
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 2011

Keywords

  • APACHE
  • benchmarking
  • critical care
  • intensive care unit
  • mortality
  • outcome assessment
  • statistical models

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine

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