@article{ec59490471614418bd18af9d64214d06,
title = "Rubella virus-specific humoral immune responses and their interrelationships before and after a third dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine in women of childbearing age",
abstract = "In the U.S., measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination is recommended as two vaccine doses. A third dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is being administered in certain situations (e.g., identified seronegativity and during outbreaks). We studied rubella-specific humoral immunity (neutralizing antibody, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay/ELISA IgG titer and antibody avidity) and the frequencies of antigen-specific memory B cells before and after a third dose of MMR-II in 109 female participants of childbearing age (median age, 34.5 years old) from Olmsted County, MN, with two documented prior MMR vaccine doses. The participants were selected from a cohort of 1117 individuals if they represented the high and the low ends of the rubella-specific antibody response spectrum. Of the 109 participants, we identified four individuals (3.67% of all study participants; 7.14% of the low-responder group) that were seronegative at Baseline (rubella-specific ELISA IgG titers <10 IU/mL), suggesting a lack of protection against rubella before receipt of a third MMR vaccine dose. The peak geometric mean neutralizing antibody titer one month following the third dose of MMR vaccine for the cohort was 243 NT50 (CI; 241, 245), which is expected for a cohort with two doses of MMR, and the peak geometric mean IgG titer was 150 IU/mL (CI; 148, 152) with no seronegative individuals at Day 28. One-third of all subjects (31.8% for the neutralizing antibody; 30.8% for the IgG titer) experienced a significant boost (≥4-fold) of antibody titers one month following vaccination. Antibody titers and other tested immune-response variables were significantly higher in the high-responder group compared to the low-responder group. The frequencies of rubella-specific memory B cells were modestly associated with the antibody titers. Our study suggests the importance of yet unknown inherent biologic and immune factors for the generation and maintenance of rubella-vaccine-induced humoral immune responses.",
keywords = "Antibody, Humoral, Immunity, Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine, Rubella, Rubella Vaccine, Viral",
author = "Haralambieva, {Iana H.} and Ovsyannikova, {Inna G.} and Kennedy, {Richard B.} and Goergen, {Krista M.} and Grill, {Diane E.} and Chen, {Min hsin} and Lijuan Hao and Joseph Icenogle and Poland, {Gregory A.}",
note = "Funding Information: Dr. Poland is the chair of a Safety Evaluation Committee for novel investigational vaccine trials being conducted by Merck Research Laboratories. Dr. Poland offers consultative advice on vaccine development to Merck & Co. Inc., Avianax, Adjuvance, Valneva, Medicago, Sanofi Pasteur , GlaxoSmithKline , and Emergent Biosolutions. Drs. Poland and Ovsyannikova hold three patents related to measles and vaccinia peptide research. Dr. Kennedy holds a patent on vaccinia peptide research. Dr. Kennedy has received funding from Merck Research Laboratories to study waning immunity to measles and mumps after immunization with MMR-II {\textregistered}. All other authors declare no competing financial interests. These activities have been reviewed by the Mayo Clinic Conflict of Interest Review Board and are conducted in compliance with Mayo Clinic Conflict of Interest policies. Funding Information: Research reported in this review was supported by the National Institute of Allergy And Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R37AI048793 and R01AI033144 . The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health . The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Funding Information: Dr. Poland is the chair of a Safety Evaluation Committee for novel investigational vaccine trials being conducted by Merck Research Laboratories. Dr. Poland offers consultative advice on vaccine development to Merck & Co. Inc., Avianax, Adjuvance, Valneva, Medicago, Sanofi Pasteur, GlaxoSmithKline, and Emergent Biosolutions. Drs. Poland and Ovsyannikova hold three patents related to measles and vaccinia peptide research. Dr. Kennedy holds a patent on vaccinia peptide research. Dr. Kennedy has received funding from Merck Research Laboratories to study waning immunity to measles and mumps after immunization with MMR-II{\textregistered}. All other authors declare no competing financial interests. These activities have been reviewed by the Mayo Clinic Conflict of Interest Review Board and are conducted in compliance with Mayo Clinic Conflict of Interest policies.We thank Caroline Vitse for her valuable assistance in preparing this manuscript. Research reported in this review was supported by the National Institute of Allergy And Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R37AI048793 and R01AI033144. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 Elsevier Ltd",
year = "2020",
month = jan,
day = "29",
doi = "10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.11.004",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "38",
pages = "1249--1257",
journal = "Vaccine",
issn = "0264-410X",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
number = "5",
}