TY - JOUR
T1 - Role of Macrophages and Mast Cells as Key Players in the Maintenance of Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle Homeostasis and Disease
AU - Mischopoulou, Magdalini
AU - D'Ambrosio, Mario
AU - Bigagli, Elisabetta
AU - Luceri, Cristina
AU - Farrugia, Gianrico
AU - Cipriani, Gianluca
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors
PY - 2022/1
Y1 - 2022/1
N2 - The gut contains the largest macrophage pool in the body, with populations of macrophages residing in the mucosa and muscularis propria of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Muscularis macrophages (MMs), which are located within the muscularis propria, interact with cells essential for GI function, such as interstitial cells of Cajal, enteric neurons, smooth muscle cells, enteric glia, and fibroblast-like cells, suggesting that these immune cells contribute to several aspects of GI function. This review focuses on the latest insights on the factors contributing to MM heterogeneity and the functional interaction of MMs with other cell types essential for GI function. This review integrates the latest findings on macrophages in other organs with increasing knowledge of MMs to better understand their role in a healthy and diseased gut. We describe the factors that contribute to (muscularis macrophage) MM heterogeneity, and the nature of MM interactions with cells regulating GI function. Finally, we also describe the increasing evidence suggesting a critical role of another immune cell type, the mast cell, in normal and diseased GI physiology.
AB - The gut contains the largest macrophage pool in the body, with populations of macrophages residing in the mucosa and muscularis propria of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Muscularis macrophages (MMs), which are located within the muscularis propria, interact with cells essential for GI function, such as interstitial cells of Cajal, enteric neurons, smooth muscle cells, enteric glia, and fibroblast-like cells, suggesting that these immune cells contribute to several aspects of GI function. This review focuses on the latest insights on the factors contributing to MM heterogeneity and the functional interaction of MMs with other cell types essential for GI function. This review integrates the latest findings on macrophages in other organs with increasing knowledge of MMs to better understand their role in a healthy and diseased gut. We describe the factors that contribute to (muscularis macrophage) MM heterogeneity, and the nature of MM interactions with cells regulating GI function. Finally, we also describe the increasing evidence suggesting a critical role of another immune cell type, the mast cell, in normal and diseased GI physiology.
KW - cell to cell communication
KW - enteric neurons
KW - gastrointestinal functional disorders
KW - mast cells
KW - muscularis macrophages
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.02.017
DO - 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.02.017
M3 - Review article
C2 - 35245688
AN - SCOPUS:85130074841
SN - 2352-345X
VL - 13
SP - 1849
EP - 1862
JO - CMGH
JF - CMGH
IS - 6
ER -